基于宏观基本图的动态交通分配--车辆流和行人流模型综述
Dynamic Traffic Assignment using the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram: A Review of Vehicular and Pedestrian Flow Models
摘要：
大城市的传统DTA模型具有令人望而却步的计算时间，校准/验证可能成为从业者面临的主要挑战。2008年支持城市网络宏观基本图（MFD）存在的经验证据导致了离散空间模型的形成，其中城市被划分为一系列水库。在2008年之前，基于行人流模型的大量DTA模型在连续空间中被制定为二维守恒定律，其中速度-密度关系现在可以被解释为MFD。也许令人惊讶的是，我们发现这些连续空间文献大多没有意识到MFD理论，也没有试图验证MFD理论的假设。这有可能造成严重的不一致，需要进行研究，分析其程度和解决方法。我们还发现，需要进一步的研究（i）纳入出发时间的选择，（ii）改进现有的数值方法，可能扩展一维运动波（LWR）模型的最新进展，（iii）研究系统最优解的性质，（iv）检查当前连续空间模型与传统DTA方法相比的实时适用性，以及（v）制定交叉流相互作用的各向异性模型。
英文摘要：
Traditional DTA models of large cities suffer from prohibitive computation times and calibration/validation can become major challenges faced by practitioners. The empirical evidence in 2008 in support of the existence of a Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) on urban networks led to the formulation of discrete-space models, where the city is divided into a collection of reservoirs. Prior to 2008, a large body of DTA models based on pedestrian flow models had been formulated in continuum space as 2-dimensional conservation laws where the speed-density relationship can now be interpreted as the MFD. Perhaps surprisingly, we found that this continuum-space literature has been mostly unaware of MFD theory, and no attempts exist to verify the assumptions of MFD theory. This has the potential to create significant inconsistencies, and research is needed to analyze their extent and ways to resolve them. We also find that further research is needed to (i) incorporate departure time choice, (ii) improve existing numerical methods, possibly extending recent advances on the one-dimensional kinematic wave (LWR) model, (iii) study the properties of system optimum solutions, (iv) examine the real-time applicability of current continuum-space models compared to traditional DTA methods, and (v) formulate anisotropic models for the interaction of intersecting flows.
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