配电网局部电压控制的正反向工程
Reverse and Forward Engineering of Local Voltage Control in Distribution Networks
摘要：
可再生能源和分布式能源在配电网中的渗透率越来越高，这就要求实时分布式电压控制。在本文中，我们研究本地电压/无功控制与一般类的控制功能，并表明，电力系统动态与非增量本地电压控制可以看作是分布式算法解决一个定义明确的最优化问题（逆向工程）。逆向工程进一步揭示了非增量电压控制的根本局限性：收敛条件是限制性的，并阻止在平衡时更好的电压调节。这促使我们设计两个增量局部电压控制方案的基础上，分别为解决同一个最优化问题（正向工程）的次梯度和伪梯度算法。新的控制方案解耦的动力学性质的平衡性质，并有更少的限制收敛条件。这项工作提出了另一个步骤，发展一个新的基础-网络动态优化算法-分布式实时控制和优化未来的电力网络。
英文摘要：
The increasing penetration of renewable and distributed energy resources in distribution networks calls for real-time and distributed voltage control. In this paper we investigate local Volt/VAR control with a general class of control functions, and show that the power system dynamics with non-incremental local voltage control can be seen as distributed algorithm for solving a well-defined optimization problem (reverse engineering). The reverse engineering further reveals a fundamental limitation of the non-incremental voltage control: the convergence condition is restrictive and prevents better voltage regulation at equilibrium. This motivates us to design two incremental local voltage control schemes based on the subgradient and pseudo-gradient algorithms respectively for solving the same optimization problem (forward engineering). The new control schemes decouple the dynamical property from the equilibrium property, and have much less restrictive convergence conditions. This work presents another step towards developing a new foundation -- network dynamics as optimization algorithms -- for distributed realtime control and optimization of future power networks.
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