范德华流体中action势和声脉冲的相似性
Similarities between action potentials and acoustic pulses in a van der Waals fluid
摘要：
动作电位通常被描述为沿着可兴奋细胞的膜传播的纯电变化。然而，最近的实验表明，非线性声脉冲，沿脂质界面传播，并穿越熔化过渡，共享许多类似的性能与动作电位。尽管惊人的实验相似性，在脂质系统中的声脉冲的全面的理论研究仍然缺乏。在这里，我们证明了一个理想化的描述界面附近的相变捕获的许多性质的声脉冲在脂质单层，以及在活细胞中的动作电位。动作电位可能更好地描述为接近相变的软界面中的声脉冲的可能性由以下类似性质说明：时间和速度标度的对应性、定性脉冲形状、对刺激幅度的S形反应（一种“全有或全无”的行为），出现在多个可观察对象中（特别是，温度的绝热变化）、通过许多类型的刺激的激发以及碰撞时的湮灭。这项工作的一个含义是，细胞的关键功能信息可能会被忽视，只专注于电气测量。
英文摘要：
An action potential is typically described as a purely electrical change that propagates along the membrane of excitable cells. However, recent experiments have demonstrated that non-linear acoustic pulses that propagate along lipid interfaces and traverse the melting transition, share many similar properties with action potentials. Despite the striking experimental similarities, a comprehensive theoretical study of acoustic pulses in lipid systems is still lacking. Here we demonstrate that an idealized description of an interface near phase transition captures many properties of acoustic pulses in lipid monolayers, as well as action potentials in living cells. The possibility that action potentials may better be described as acoustic pulses in soft interfaces near phase transition is illustrated by the following similar properties: correspondence of time and velocity scales, qualitative pulse shape, sigmoidal response to stimulation amplitude (an `all-or-none' behavior), appearance in multiple observables (particularly, an adiabatic change of temperature), excitation by many types of stimulations, as well as annihilation upon collision. An implication of this work is that crucial functional information of the cell may be overlooked by focusing only on electrical measurements.
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