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arXiv 1801.01045astro-ph.EP
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金属丰度对具有完全耦合的三维流体力学、平衡化学和辐射转移的系外行星大气的影响

The effect of metallicity on the atmospheres of exoplanets with fully coupled 3D hydrodynamics, equilibrium chemistry, and radiative transfer

Benjamin Drummond, N. J. Mayne, Isabelle Baraffe, Pascal Tremblin, James Manners, David S. Amundsen, Jayesh Goyal, Dave Acreman

摘要:

在这项工作中,我们进行了一系列的模拟GJ~ 1214 b的大气假设不同的金属丰度使用英国气象局统一模式(UM)。UM是一个大气环流模式(GCM),它解决了深层的,非流体静力学的运动方程,并使用灵活和准确的辐射转移计划,基于双流和相关的$k$近似,计算加热率。在这项工作中,我们始终耦合一个经过充分测试的吉布斯能量最小化方案,以解决化学平衡丰度在每个网格单元中的局部元素丰度的一般集合,进一步提高了模型的灵活性和准确性。随着大气中金属含量的增加,我们发现动力学和热结构发生了显着变化,随后影响了模拟的相位曲线。我们发现的趋势是定性与以前的作品一致,但与定量的差异。我们详细研究了通过将机制分解成组分来增加金属度的效果,包括平均分子量、热容和不透明度。我们发现不透明度效应是改变环流和热力结构的主要机制。这一结果突出了在三维GCM中精确计算不透明度和辐射转移的重要性。

英文摘要:

In this work we have performed a series of simulations of the atmosphere of GJ~1214b assuming different metallicities using the Met Office Unified Model (UM). The UM is a general circulation model (GCM) that solves the deep, non-hydrostatic equations of motion and uses a flexible and accurate radiative transfer scheme, based on the two-stream and correlated-$k$ approximations, to calculate the heating rates. In this work we consistently couple a well-tested Gibbs energy minimisation scheme to solve for the chemical equilibrium abundances locally in each grid cell for a general set of elemental abundances, further improving the flexibility and accuracy of the model. As the metallicity of the atmosphere is increased we find significant changes in the dynamical and thermal structure, with subsequent implications for the simulated phase curve. The trends that we find are qualitatively consistent with previous works, though with quantitative differences. We investigate in detail the effect of increasing the metallicity by splitting the mechanism into constituents, involving the mean molecular weight, the heat capacity and the opacities. We find the opacity effect to be the dominant mechanism in altering the circulation and thermal structure. This result highlights the importance of accurately computing the opacities and radiative transfer in 3D GCMs.

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