线性能量转换器的热电汤姆逊关系
Thermoelectric Thomson's relations revisited for a linear energy converter
摘要：
在本文中，我们重新审视热电偶模型，作为一个线性不可逆的热力学能量转换器。众所周知，热电偶的线性模型是这一分支的经典之一。在这个模型中，我们注意到两种类型的唯象系数：第一种来自某些微观模型，如与电导率相关的系数，第二种来自实验事实，如与热电功率相关的系数。我们表明，在最后一种情况下，这些系数可以与转换器的操作模式。这些关系使我们能够提出一个推广的第一和第二汤姆森的关系。为此，我们提出了非等温线性转换器的想法，直接操作（热机）和间接操作（制冷机）。除了这一发展，我们分析了这些转换器所描述的能量。
英文摘要：
In this paper we revisit the thermocouple model, as a linear irreversible thermodynamic energy converter. As is well known, the linear model of the thermocuple is one of the classics in this branch. In this model we note two types of phenomenological coefficients: the first comes from some microscopic models, such as the coefficient associated with the electric conductivity, and the second comes from experimental facts such as the coefficient associated with the thermoelectric power. We show that in the last case, these coefficients can be related to the operation modes of the converter. These relationships allow us to propose a generalization of the first and second Thomson's relations. For this purpose we develop the ideas of non-isothermal linear converters, operated directly (heat engine) and indirect (refrigerator). In addition to this development we analyze the energy described by these converters.
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