核医学中的液体氙：最新技术和PETALO方法
Liquid xenon in nuclear medicine: state-of-the-art and the PETALO approach
摘要：
液体氙具有几个有吸引力的特性，这使得它适合于应用于核医学，例如高闪烁产额和快闪烁衰减时间，优于目前使用的晶体。自90年代以来，已经进行了几次尝试来构建基于液体氙的正电子发射断层成像扫描仪，其可以分为两种不同的方法：一方面，检测TPC中的电离电荷，另一方面，用光电倍增管检测闪烁光。PETALO（Positron Emission Tof Apparatus with Liquid XenOn）是一种将液体氙光电池和硅光电倍增器结合起来的新型读出装置。第一次蒙特卡洛调查指出，这项技术将提供一个很好的固有的时间分辨率，这使得有可能测量飞行时间与高效率。此外，液体氙对UV和蓝色波长的透明性打开了利用闪烁和切伦科夫光用于高灵敏度TOF-PET的可能性。
英文摘要：
Liquid xenon has several attractive features, which make it suitable for applications to nuclear medicine, such as high scintillation yield and fast scintillation decay time, better than currently used crystals. Since the '90s, several attempts has been made to build Positron Emission Tomography scanners based on liquid xenon, which can be divided into two different approaches: on one hand, the detection of the ionization charge in TPCs, and, on the other one, the detection of scintillation light with photomultipliers. PETALO (Positron Emission Tof Apparatus with Liquid xenOn) is a novel concept, which combines liquid xenon scintillating cells and silicon photomultipliers for the readout. A first Monte Carlo investigation has pointed out that this technology would provide an excellent intrinsic time resolution, which makes it possible to measure the Time-Of-Flight with high efficiency. Also, the transparency of liquid xenon to UV and blue wavelengths opens the possibility of exploiting both scintillation and Cherenkov light for a high-sensitivity TOF-PET.
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