用机载gamma-ray光谱探测大气氡
Exploring atmospheric radon with airborne gamma-ray spectroscopy
摘要：
$^{222}$ Rn是一种稀有放射性气体，沿着$^{238}$ U衰变链产生，存在于大多数土壤和岩石中。由于$^{222}$ Rn是最相关的天然本底辐射源，了解其在环境中的分布对于调查低水平放射性对健康的影响和支持现代社会中对人类电离辐射照射的监管具有重大意义。同时，$^{222}$ Rn是一种分布广泛的大气示踪剂，其空间分布通常用作气候和污染研究的替代指标。由于$^{222}$ Rn影响到等效$^{238}$ U浓度的间接估算，航空γ能谱仪（AGRS）一直将其作为本底源处理。在这项工作中，AGRS方法是第一次用于量化的存在$^{222}$ Rn在大气中，并评估其垂直廓线。在海上调查期间获得的高统计辐射数据被拟合为由于实验装置背景放射性加上由于宇宙辐射和大气$^{222}$ Rn的高度依赖性贡献的恒定分量的叠加。精细的统计分析不仅提供了一个确凿的证据AGRS $^{222}$ Rn的检测，但（0.96 $\pm$ 0.07）Bq/$^{3}$ Rn浓度和（1318 $\pm$ 22）m的大气层深度与文献数据完全兼容。
英文摘要：
$^{222}$Rn is a noble radioactive gas produced along the $^{238}$U decay chain, which is present in the majority of soils and rocks. As $^{222}$Rn is the most relevant source of natural background radiation, understanding its distribution in the environment is of great concern for investigating the health impacts of low-level radioactivity and for supporting regulation of human exposure to ionizing radiation in modern society. At the same time, $^{222}$Rn is a widespread atmospheric tracer whose spatial distribution is generally used as a proxy for climate and pollution studies. Airborne gamma-ray spectroscopy (AGRS) always treated $^{222}$Rn as a source of background since it affects the indirect estimate of equivalent $^{238}$U concentration. In this work the AGRS method is used for the first time for quantifying the presence of $^{222}$Rn in the atmosphere and assessing its vertical profile. High statistics radiometric data acquired during an offshore survey are fitted as a superposition of a constant component due to the experimental setup background radioactivity plus a height dependent contribution due to cosmic radiation and atmospheric $^{222}$Rn. The refined statistical analysis provides not only a conclusive evidence of AGRS $^{222}$Rn detection but also a (0.96 $\pm$ 0.07) Bq/m$^{3}$ $^{222}$Rn concentration and a (1318 $\pm$ 22) m atmospheric layer depth fully compatible with literature data.
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