一毫米处ALMA的二十六弧分$^2$测量（ASAGAO）：毫米选择镓的X射线AGN特性
ALMA Twenty-six arcmin$^2$ Survey of GOODS-S at One-millimeter (ASAGAO): X-ray AGN Properties of Millimeter-Selected Galaxies
摘要：
利用迄今为止最深的X射线巡天Chandra 7-Ms数据，研究了阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列（ALMA）探测的大天文台起源深巡天南方（GOODS-S）场中毫米星系的活动星系核（AGN）的X射线性质。我们的毫米星系样本来自ASAGAO调查，覆盖26弧分$^2$（12个源，1.2 mm通量密度极限为$\approx$ 0.6 mJy），由Dunlop等人对ASAGAO场的一部分进行的更深但更窄的1.3 mm调查补充。（2017年）。在所有25毫米的星系中，有14个有钱德拉对应物。对于具有$\log L_{\rm IR}/L_{\odot} = 12-12.8$和$\log L_{\rm IR}/L_{\odot} = 11.5-12$的超/亮红外星系，在$z=1.5-3$观测到的活动星系核分数分别为90 $^{+8}_{-19}$ %和$57^{+23}_{-25}$ %.大多数（$\sim$ 2/3）ALMA和/或赫歇尔探测到的X射线活动星系核似乎是恒星形成的优势群体，具有$L_{\rm X}$ / $L_{\rm IR}$比小于“同时演化”值预期从当地黑洞质量恒星质量（$M_{\rm BH}$ - $M_*$）的关系。在$L_{\rm X}$和恒星质量关系的基础上，我们推断在$z=1.5-3$的大部分恒星形成星系的黑洞质量小于从本地$M_{\rm BH}$ - $M_*$关系预期的质量。这是相反的，在更广泛和更浅的调查，这是受选择偏见对低光度活动星系核在相同的红移检测到的发光活动星系核以前的报告。我们的研究结果是一致的恒星形成首先发生的演化场景，和活动星系核占主导地位的阶段之后，在对象最终演变成星系与经典的凸起。
英文摘要：
We investigate the X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) properties of millimeter galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South (GOODS-S) field detected with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), by utilizing the Chandra 7-Ms data, the deepest X-ray survey to date. Our millimeter galaxy sample comes from the ASAGAO survey covering 26 arcmin$^2$ (12 sources at a 1.2-mm flux-density limit of $\approx$0.6 mJy), supplemented by the deeper but narrower 1.3-mm survey of a part of the ASAGAO field by Dunlop et al.\ (2017). Fourteen out of the total 25 millimeter galaxies have Chandra counterparts. The observed AGN fractions at $z=1.5-3$ is found to be 90$^{+8}_{-19}$\% and $57^{+23}_{-25}$\% for the ultra/luminous infrared galaxies with $\log L_{\rm IR}/L_{\odot} = 12-12.8$ and $\log L_{\rm IR}/L_{\odot} = 11.5-12$, respectively. The majority ($\sim$2/3) of the ALMA and/or Herschel detected X-ray AGNs at $z=1.5-3$ appear to be star-formation dominant populations, having $L_{\rm X}$/ $L_{\rm IR}$ ratios smaller than the "simultaneous evolution" value expected from the local black-hole mass to stellar mass ($M_{\rm BH}$-$M_*$) relation. On the basis of the $L_{\rm X}$ and stellar mass relation, we infer that a large fraction of star-forming galaxies at $z=1.5-3$ have black hole masses smaller than those expected from the local $M_{\rm BH}$-$M_*$ relation. This is opposite to previous reports on luminous AGN at same redshifts detected in wider and shallower surveys, which are subject to selection biases against lower luminosity AGN. Our results are consistent with an evolutionary scenario that star formation occurs first, and an AGN-dominant phase follows later, in objects finally evolving into galaxies with classical bulges.
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