固体和天体粒子物理学用库珀对箱静电计的设计
Design of a Cooper pair box electrometer for application to solid-state and astroparticle physics
摘要：
我们描述的设计和操作原理的快速和灵敏的静电计工作在毫开尔文温度下，其目的是在实验中需要低反作用或高灵敏度，以取代传统的半导体电荷放大器。静电计由耦合到微波谐振器的库珀对盒（CPB）组成，微波谐振器将电荷变化转换为谐振频率偏移。我们分析了灵敏度对器件的各种参数的依赖关系，并推导出它们的优化。通过利用这种静电计的非线性，并使用传统的纳米纤维和测量技术，可以实现几个$10^{- 7} e / \sqrt{Hz}$的电荷灵敏度，这优于现有的单电荷静电计。
英文摘要：
We describe the design and principle of operation of a fast and sensitive electrometer operated at millikelvin temperatures, which aims at replacing conventional semiconducting charge amplifiers in experiments needing low back-action or high sensitivity. The electrometer consists of a Cooper Pair box (CPB) coupled to a microwave resonator, which converts charge variations to resonance frequency shifts. We analyze the dependence of the sensitivity on the various parameters of the device, and derive their optimization. By exploiting the nonlinearities of this electrometer, and using conventional nanofabrication and measurement techniques, a charge sensitivity of a few $10^{- 7} e / \sqrt{Hz}$ can be achieved which outperforms existing single charge electrometers.
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