利用野外部署双频梳状谱仪进行连续区域示踪气源归属
Continuous regional trace gas source attribution using a field-deployed dual frequency comb spectrometer
摘要：
痕量气体源的识别和量化是理解和管理空气质量和温室气体排放的主要挑战。目前的方法要么提供连续的但局部的监测，或准瞬时的“快照”区域监测。有必要对排放进行连续和区域性的检测，因为源和汇可能是偶发性的，在空间上也是可变的。我们首次在现场部署了双频梳状激光光谱仪，使观测系统能够在多平方公里的区域内连续检测痕量气体源。模拟石油和天然气生产过程中甲烷排放的现场试验表明，在1 km的距离上可以检测到1.6 g min^-1的泄漏源（近似于一个小型气动阀的排放），并对其进行定量，而且能够在一个有许多潜在来源的现场中识别出两个泄漏源。该技术实现了在大范围内持续检测、量化和归因排放源的目标，排放率比当前区域方法低约1000倍。因此，它为监测和减少不良污染源提供了一个有用的工具，填补了大气科学中的一个重大信息空白。
英文摘要：
Identification and quantification of trace gas sources is a major challenge for understanding and regulating air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. Current approaches either provide continuous but localized monitoring, or quasi-instantaneous 'snapshot-in-time' regional monitoring. There is a need for emissions detection that provides both continuous and regional coverage, because sources and sinks can be episodic and spatially variable. We field deploy a dual frequency comb laser spectrometer for the first time, enabling an observing system that provides continuous detection of trace gas sources over multiple-square-kilometer regions. Field tests simulating methane emissions from oil and gas production demonstrate detection and quantification of a 1.6 g min^-1 source (approximate emissions from a small pneumatic valve) from a distance of 1 km, and the ability to discern two leaks among a field of many potential sources. The technology achieves the goal of detecting, quantifying, and attributing emissions sources continuously through time, over large areas, and at emissions rates ~1000x lower than current regional approaches. It therefore provides a useful tool for monitoring and mitigating undesirable sources and closes a major information gap in the atmospheric sciences.
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