具有每日亚飞秒定时漂移的同步多色laser网络
Synchronous multi-color laser network with daily sub-femtosecond timing drift
摘要：
以亚原子时空分辨率拍摄运动中的原子是我们这个时代杰出的科学成就之一。新出现的X射线激光设备是最有可能实现这种详细原子凝视的候选者，因为它们的辐射波长是埃级的。为了提供必要的时间分辨率，许多锁模激光器必须在更远的距离上以超高精度同步。在这里，我们展示了一个节拍器同步网络的脉冲激光器在不同的中心波长和不同的重复率超过4.7公里的距离。该网络在40小时内实现了0.6 fs RMS的创纪录低定时漂移，采用2 Hz采样测量。短期稳定性测量结果表明，在1 Hz至1 MHz范围内，环路外时序抖动的积分值仅为1.3 fs RMS。为了验证网络的性能，我们提出了一个全面的噪声分析的基础上设置元素之间的反馈流。我们的分析确定了9个不相关的噪声源，其中从激光器的固有抖动占主导地位，RMS为1.26 fs。这表明网络的定时精度不受同步技术的限制，因此可以通过开发具有较低固有噪声的激光器来进一步提高。
英文摘要：
Filming atoms in motion with sub-atomic spatiotemporal resolution is one of the distinguished scientific endeavors of our time. Newly emerging X-ray laser facilities are the most likely candidates to enable such a detailed gazing of atoms due to their angstrom-level radiation wavelength. To provide the necessary temporal resolution, numerous mode-locked lasers must be synchronized with ultra-high precision across kilometer-distances. Here, we demonstrate a metronome synchronizing a network of pulsed-lasers operating at different center wavelengths and different repetition rates over 4.7-km distance. The network achieves a record-low timing drift of 0.6 fs RMS measured with 2-Hz sampling over 40 h. Short-term stability measurements show an out-of-loop timing jitter of only 1.3 fs RMS integrated from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. To validate the network performance, we present a comprehensive noise analysis based on the feedback flow between the setup elements. Our analysis identifies nine uncorrelated noise sources, out of which the slave laser's inherent jitter dominates with 1.26 fs RMS. This suggests that the timing precision of the network is not limited by the synchronization technique, and so could be much further improved by developing lasers with lower inherent noise.
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