故障管理系统设计中的因果性和时序性
Causality and Temporal Dependencies in the Design of Fault Management Systems
摘要：
在安全关键系统的工程中，自然会出现因果推理。一个经典的例子是故障树分析，一种用于系统安全评估的演绎技术，通过这种技术，一个不期望的状态被减少到其直接原因的集合。故障管理系统的设计也需要因果关系的推理。特别是，故障操作系统需要确保及时检测和识别故障，即通过其对系统的可观察影响来识别运行时故障的发生。当涉及多个故障并且可能以微妙的方式相互作用时，甚至会出现更复杂的情况。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个正式的方法来故障管理复杂的系统。我们首先介绍故障树和最小割集的概念。然后，我们提出了一个正式的框架，规范和分析的可诊断性，并设计故障检测和识别（FDI）组件。最后，我们回顾了故障传播分析的最新进展，基于定时故障传播图（TFPG）的形式主义。
英文摘要：
Reasoning about causes and effects naturally arises in the engineering of safety-critical systems. A classical example is Fault Tree Analysis, a deductive technique used for system safety assessment, whereby an undesired state is reduced to the set of its immediate causes. The design of fault management systems also requires reasoning on causality relationships. In particular, a fail-operational system needs to ensure timely detection and identification of faults, i.e. recognize the occurrence of run-time faults through their observable effects on the system. Even more complex scenarios arise when multiple faults are involved and may interact in subtle ways. In this work, we propose a formal approach to fault management for complex systems. We first introduce the notions of fault tree and minimal cut sets. We then present a formal framework for the specification and analysis of diagnosability, and for the design of fault detection and identification (FDI) components. Finally, we review recent advances in fault propagation analysis, based on the Timed Failure Propagation Graphs (TFPG) formalism.
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