用于小型高梯度辐射$X$波段电子注入器的纳米金刚石薄膜场致发射药筒
Nano-Diamond Thin Film Field Emitter Cartridge for Miniature High Gradient Radiofrequency $X$-band Electron Injector
摘要：
完整的设计，制造和性能评估的一个紧凑的，单细胞，$X$波段（$\sim$ 9 GHz）的电子注入器的基础上的场发射阴极（FEC）。脉冲电子束由来自插入式薄膜氮结合的超纳米晶金刚石（N）UNCD FEC盒的数十千瓦射频（RF）磁控管信号产生。在配备有螺线管、法拉第杯和成像屏的束线中进行具有（N）UNCD FEC的$X$带注入器的测试。结果表明，通常（N）UNCD FEC盒在28 MV/m的表面电场下产生$\gtrsim$ 1 mA/cm $^2$。从4.4 mm直径（N）UNCD盒产生的输出光束的直径可以小到1 mm。就其实际应用而言，所演示的带有（N）UNCD插件FEC的$X$波段电子注入器可以作为X射线产生、材料处理、行波管（包括GHz和THz反向波振荡器），或者可以用于驱动慢波加速结构。结果还表明，这种场发射技术的基础上的平面（N）UNCD薄膜，这是简单地生长在表面上的光学抛光不锈钢，可以使大量的设备配置是有效的，灵活的设计，并可以轻松地封装。
英文摘要：
The complete design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a compact, single cell, $X$-band ($\sim$9 GHz) electron injector based on a field emission cathode (FEC) are presented. A pulsed electron beam is generated by a 10's of kW radiofrequency (RF) magnetron signal from a plug-in thin film nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond (N)UNCD FEC cartridge. Testing of the $X$-band injector with the (N)UNCD FEC was conducted in a beamline equipped with a solenoid, Faraday cup and imaging screen. The results show that typically the (N)UNCD FEC cartridge produces $\gtrsim$1 mA/cm$^2$ at a surface electric field of 28 MV/m. The diameter of the output beam generated from the 4.4 mm diameter (N)UNCD cartridge can be as small as 1 mm. In terms of its practical applications, the demonstrated $X$-band electron injector with the (N)UNCD plug-in FEC can serve as a source for X-ray generation, materials processing, travelling-wave tubes (including GHz and THz backward wave oscillators), or can be used to drive slow-wave accelerating structures. The results presented also suggest that this field emitter technology based on planar (N)UNCD thin films, which are simply grown on the surface of optically polished stainless steel, can enable a vast number of device configurations that are efficient, flexible in design, and can be packaged with ease.
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