单光子的干涉与波粒二象性
Interference and wave-particle duality of single photons
摘要：
波粒二象性据说包含了量子力学的全部奥秘。为了进一步理解波粒二象性，人们进行了许多延迟选择实验。本文通过理论预言与实验事实的比较，揭示了现有干涉理论的缺陷，指出介质的存在是单光子干涉的必要条件，光子通过介质界面上的微观粒子与其他光子发生干涉，光子的类波性来源于光子与介质的相互作用;粒子性是光子的固有特性，光子的波动性总是伴随着粒子性，单个光子的相干时间不可能长于微观粒子偏振态的寿命。合理地解释了单光子干涉现象，解决了波粒二象性难题。
英文摘要：
The wave-particle duality has been said to contain the entire mystery of quantum mechanics. Many delayed-choice experiments have been performed to further understand the wave-particle duality. Here, we reveal some flaws in the known interference theories by comparing the theoretical predictions with the experimental facts and show that the presence of media is a necessary condition for interference of single photons, a photon interferes with other photon via microscopic particles in the interface of media, and the wave-like property of a photon originates from interaction between the photon and media; the particle property is the inherent characteristic of a photon, and the wave-like behavior of a photon always accompanies the particle behavior; the coherent time of single photons cannot be longer than the lifetime of the polarized states of the microscopic particles. Interference of single photons is interpreted properly, and the conundrum of the wave-particle duality is well solved.
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