自旋玻璃：实验签名和显著结果
Spin glasses : experimental signatures and salient outcomes
摘要：
在众多的无序材料中，自旋玻璃占据了一个特殊的位置，因为它们在概念上简单地定义了随机相互作用的自旋。他们的建模引发了非平衡统计物理学的壮观发展，以及分析和数值，为眼镜的新视野开辟了道路。"真正的"自旋玻璃是无序的磁性材料，从化学家的角度来看，它们可能非常不同，但都具有许多共同的性质，从而定义了一般的自旋玻璃行为。本文旨在让非专业读者从实验者的角度了解什么是自旋玻璃，尽可能简单地描述它们在实验室中可以观察到的主要特征，参考大量详细的出版物进行更实质性的讨论和所有理论发展，这些在这里几乎没有概述。我们努力为那些对其他玻璃材料感兴趣的读者提供一些关于自旋玻璃潜力的线索，以提高他们对无序物质的理解。至少，激起他们对这个迷人的主题的好奇心将被认为是成功的。
英文摘要：
Within the wide class of disordered materials, spin glasses occupy a special place because of their conceptually simple definition of randomly interacting spins. Their modelling has triggered spectacular developments of out-of-equilibrium statistical physics, as well analytically as numerically, opening the way to a new vision of glasses in general. "Real" spin glasses are disordered magnetic materials which can be very diverse from the chemist's point of view, but all share a number of common properties, laying down the definition of generic spin glass behaviour. This paper aims at giving to non-specialist readers an idea of what spin glasses are from an experimentalist's point of view, describing as simply as possible their main features as they can be observed in the laboratory, referring to numerous detailed publications for more substantial discussions and for all theoretical developments, which are hardly sketched here. We strived to provide the readers who are interested in other glassy materials with some clues about the potential of spin glasses for improving their understanding of disordered matter. At least, arousing their curiosity for this fascinating subject will be considered a success.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
