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arXiv 1709.09679astro-ph.GA
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Brilliant星团星系中的$^{13}$ CO探测

A $^{13}$CO Detection in a Brightest Cluster Galaxy

A. N. Vantyghem, B. R. McNamara, A. C. Edge, F. Combes, H. R. Russell, A. C. Fabian, M. T. Hogan, M. McDonald, P. E. J. Nulsen, P. Salomé

摘要:

本文介绍了ALMA第4周期对最亮星系团RXJ 0821 +0752中CO(1-0)、CO(3-2)和$^{13}$ CO(3-2)谱线发射的观测结果。这是在星系团中首次探测到$^{13}$ CO谱线发射。一半的CO(3-2)谱线发射来自两团分子气体,它们在空间上偏离银河系中心。这些团块被沿长度延伸$8~{\rm kpc}$的漫发射包围。检测到的$^{13}$ CO发射完全局限于两个明亮的团块,该区域以外的任何发射都低于我们的检测阈值。在$^{12}$ CO谱中检测到两个具有相似积分通量的不同速度分量。较窄的分量($60~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ FWHM)在速度质心和线宽上与$^{13}$ CO(3-2)发射是一致的,而较宽的($130-160~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$),稍微蓝移的机翼没有相关的$^{13}$ CO(3-2)发射。一个简单的局部热力学模型表明,$^{13}$ CO发射跟踪分子气体的$2.1\times 10^{9}~{\rm M}_\odot$。分离出伴随$^{13}$ CO发射的$^{12}$ CO速度分量,得到CO到H的$_2$转换因子为$α_{\rm CO}=2.3~{\rm M}_{\odot}~({\rm K~km~s^{-1}})^{-1}$,比银河系的值低2倍。因此,在最亮的星系团中采用银河系CO到H的$_2$转换因子可能会高估它们的分子气体质量两倍。这是在来自河外源的物体对物体散射的范围内,因此需要在更大的星团样本中进行校准,以确认亚银河系转换因子。

英文摘要:

We present ALMA Cycle 4 observations of CO(1-0), CO(3-2), and $^{13}$CO(3-2) line emission in the brightest cluster galaxy of RXJ0821+0752. This is one of the first detections of $^{13}$CO line emission in a galaxy cluster. Half of the CO(3-2) line emission originates from two clumps of molecular gas that are spatially offset from the galactic center. These clumps are surrounded by diffuse emission that extends $8~{\rm kpc}$ in length. The detected $^{13}$CO emission is confined entirely to the two bright clumps, with any emission outside of this region lying below our detection threshold. Two distinct velocity components with similar integrated fluxes are detected in the $^{12}$CO spectra. The narrower component ($60~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ FWHM) is consistent in both velocity centroid and linewidth with $^{13}$CO(3-2) emission, while the broader ($130-160~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$), slightly blueshifted wing has no associated $^{13}$CO(3-2) emission. A simple local thermodynamic model indicates that the $^{13}$CO emission traces $2.1\times 10^{9}~{\rm M}_\odot$ of molecular gas. Isolating the $^{12}$CO velocity component that accompanies the $^{13}$CO emission yields a CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor of $α_{\rm CO}=2.3~{\rm M}_{\odot}~({\rm K~km~s^{-1}})^{-1}$, which is a factor of two lower than the Galactic value. Adopting the Galactic CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor in brightest cluster galaxies may therefore overestimate their molecular gas masses by a factor of two. This is within the object-to-object scatter from extragalactic sources, so calibrations in a larger sample of clusters are necessary in order to confirm a sub-Galactic conversion factor.

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