“飞行等离子体激元”：悬浮银纳米线中的Fabry-Pèrot共振
'Flying Plasmons': Fabry-Pèrot Resonances in Levitated Silver Nanowires
摘要：
等离子体纳米结构，如线波导或天线是新型高度集成光子学的关键构建块。因此，对纳米尺度上单个结构的光学材料性质的定量理解对于预测和设计复杂复合元件的功能是必不可少的。在这封信中，我们研究了传播的表面等离子激元在单个银纳米线孤立的悬浮在一个线性保罗陷阱的环境。对称破坏效应，例如，以这种方式完全消除了来自支撑衬底的污染。在超连续谱光源的白光照射下，在纳米线末端获得的散射光谱中观察到法布里-珀罗共振。等离子体激元性质的信号进行了验证，通过本地激发和光子收集对应于一个干净的传输测量通过法布里-珀罗谐振器。数值模拟是用来计算复杂的有效折射率的纳米线作为输入参数的一个简单的法布里-珀罗模型，很好地再现测量光谱，尽管系统的高度色散的性质。我们的研究为几乎任何可捕获的等离子体纳米物体的定量表征铺平了道路，即使是脆弱的，如液体或熔融金属的液滴和几乎任何基于有限波导的纳米谐振器，其影响是复杂的混合结构，具有强耦合或激光的建模。此外，该配置有可能被气体传感器补充，以研究热电子对等离子体粒子附近催化反应的影响。
英文摘要：
Plasmonic nano structures such as wire waveguides or antennas are key building blocks for novel highly integrated photonics. A quantitative understanding of the optical material properties of individual structures on the nanoscale is thus indispensable for predicting and designing the functionality of complex composite elements. In this letter we study propagating surface plasmon polaritons in single silver nanowires isolated from its environment by levitation in a linear Paul trap. Symmetry-breaking effects, e.g., from supporting substrates are completely eliminated in this way. Illuminated with white light from a supercontinuum source, Fabry-Pèrot-like resonances are observed in the scattering spectra obtained from the ends of the nanowires. The plasmonic nature of the signal is verified by local excitation and photon collection corresponding to a clean transmission measurement through a Fabry-Pèrot resonator. A numerical simulation is used to compute the complex effective refractive indices of the nanowires as input parameter for a simple Fabry-Pèrot model, which nicely reproduces the measured spectra despite the highly dispersive nature of the system. Our studies pave the way for quantitative characterization of nearly any trappable plasmonic nano object, even of fragile ones such as droplets of liquids or molten metal and of nearly any nanoresonator based on a finite waveguide with implications for modeling of complex hybrid structures featuring strong coupling or lasing. Moreover, the configuration has the potential to be complemented by gas sensors to study the impact of hot electrons on catalytic reactions nearby plasmonic particles.
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