任意子的扫描隧道显微镜成像
Imaging anyons with scanning tunneling microscopy
摘要：
任意子是奇异的准粒子，具有分数电荷，可以作为物质的强相互作用拓扑量子相的基本激发出现。与普通的费米子和玻色子不同，它们可能服从非阿贝尔统计--这一特性将有助于实现容错量子计算。非阿贝尔任意子长期以来一直被预言出现在分数量子霍尔（Fractional quantum Hall，FWHH）相中，这种相是在强磁场存在下二维电子气（2DEG）中形成的，例如$ν=\tfrac{5}{2}$ FWHH态。然而，任何子的直接实验证据和测试，可以区分阿贝尔和非阿贝尔量子基态与这种激发仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们提出了一个新的实验方法，直接可视化的相互作用的电子态的结构与扫描隧道显微镜（STM）的1H态。我们的理论计算表明，光谱映射与STM附近的个别杂质缺陷可以用来图像分数统计在100 H状态，确定独特的签名，在这样的测量，可以区分不同的建议基态。局部捕获的任意子的存在应该在STM光谱图中留下独特的签名，并使一种新的方法能够直接检测-并可能最终操纵-这些奇异的准粒子。
英文摘要：
Anyons are exotic quasi-particles with fractional charge that can emerge as fundamental excitations of strongly interacting topological quantum phases of matter. Unlike ordinary fermions and bosons, they may obey non-abelian statistics--a property that would help realize fault tolerant quantum computation. Non-abelian anyons have long been predicted to occur in the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) phases that form in two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) in the presence of a large magnetic field, su ch as the $ν=\tfrac{5}{2}$ FQH state. However, direct experimental evidence of anyons and tests that can distinguish between abelian and non-abelian quantum ground states with such excitations have remained elusive. Here we propose a new experimental approach to directly visualize the structure of interacting electronic states of FQH states with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Our theoretical calculations show how spectroscopy mapping with the STM near individual impurity defects can be used to image fractional statistics in FQH states, identifying unique signatures in such measurements that can distinguish different proposed ground states. The presence of locally trapped anyons should leave distinct signatures in STM spectroscopic maps, and enables a new approach to directly detect - and perhaps ultimately manipulate - these exotic quasi-particles.
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