研究S0-2的二元性：它的起源和作为超大质量黑洞引力定律探测的鲁棒性
Investigating the Binarity of S0-2: Implications for its Origins and Robustness as a Probe of the Laws of Gravity around a Supermassive Black Hole
摘要：
恒星S 0 -2以16年的周期绕银河系中的超大质量黑洞（SMBH）运行，对SMBH的质量和到银河系中心的距离提供了最强的约束。S 0 -2将很快提供SMBH附近相对论效应的首次测量。我们报告的第一个限制的二进制的S 0 -2径向速度监测，这对理解其起源和鲁棒性的中心引力场的探针的影响。87径向速度测量，其中包括12个新的观测，我们有数据集，以寻找径向速度变化从S 0 -2的轨道模型。使用Lomb-Scaggle分析和轨道拟合潜在的双星，我们没有检测到径向速度变化超过S 0 -2的轨道运动，没有发现任何显着的周期性信号。由于缺乏双星伴星，目前无法区分S 0 -2的不同形成情景。我们的研究结果仍然允许伴星（$M_{\text{comp}}$）的质量上限为$M_{\text{comp}}$ $\sin i \leq$ 1.6 M $_{\odot}$，周期在1到150天之间，这是避免双星潮汐破裂的最长时间。我们还研究了剩余的允许的二元系统对2018年S 0 -2最接近的相对论红移测量的影响。虽然双星系统是很重要的考虑这个实验，我们发现合理的二进制的S 0 -2将不会改变5 $σ$检测的相对论红移。
英文摘要：
The star S0-2, which orbits the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in our Galaxy with a period of 16 years, provides the strongest constraint on both the mass of the SMBH and the distance to the Galactic center. S0-2 will soon provide the first measurement of relativistic effects near a SMBH. We report the first limits on the binarity of S0-2 from radial velocity monitoring, which has implications for both understanding its origin and robustness as a probe of the central gravitational field. With 87 radial velocity measurements, which include 12 new observations presented, we have the data set to look for radial velocity variations from S0-2's orbital model. Using a Lomb-Scargle analysis and orbit fitting for potential binaries, we detect no radial velocity variation beyond S0-2's orbital motion and do not find any significant periodic signal. The lack of a binary companion does not currently distinguish between different formation scenarios for S0-2. The upper limit on the mass of a companion star ($M_{\text{comp}}$) still allowed by our results has a median upper limit of $M_{\text{comp}}$ $\sin i \leq$ 1.6 M$_{\odot}$ for periods between 1 and 150 days, the longest period to avoid tidal break up of the binary. We also investigate the impact of the remaining allowed binary system on the measurement of the relativistic redshift at S0-2's closest approach in 2018. While binary star systems are important to consider for this experiment, we find plausible binaries for S0-2 will not alter a 5$σ$ detection of the relativistic redshift.
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