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arXiv 1709.04857cs.CLcs.LO
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自然语言语义新理论

A New Semantic Theory of Natural Language

Kun Xing

摘要:

形式语义学和分布语义学是自然语言处理中两个重要的语义框架。认知语义学属于认知语言学运动,它建立在当代认知科学的基础之上。每个框架都能处理一些意义现象,但没有一个能满足应用程序提出的所有要求。建立一个统一的语义理论来描述所有重要的语言现象具有重要的理论意义和实践意义,然而,尽管近年来人们进行了许多尝试,但迄今为止还没有一个理论能够实现这一目标。本文介绍了一种新的语义理论,它有可能描述自然语言的大多数重要意义现象,并满足哲学分析和自然语言处理应用的大多数必要要求。该理论以信息的统一表示为基础,构建了一种称为认知模型的数学模型,以组合的方式解释自然语言表达式。它接受了认知语义学的经验假设,克服了形式语义学和分布语义学的大部分缺点。然而,该理论不是现有理论的简单组合,而是对经典逻辑和形式语义学的广泛概括。它继承了形式语义学几乎所有的优点,并为对象和事件提供尽可能细的描述内容,描述内容代表了人类认知的结果。

英文摘要:

Formal Semantics and Distributional Semantics are two important semantic frameworks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Cognitive Semantics belongs to the movement of Cognitive Linguistics, which is based on contemporary cognitive science. Each framework could deal with some meaning phenomena, but none of them fulfills all requirements proposed by applications. A unified semantic theory characterizing all important language phenomena has both theoretical and practical significance; however, although many attempts have been made in recent years, no existing theory has achieved this goal yet. This article introduces a new semantic theory that has the potential to characterize most of the important meaning phenomena of natural language and to fulfill most of the necessary requirements for philosophical analysis and for NLP applications. The theory is based on a unified representation of information, and constructs a kind of mathematical model called cognitive model to interpret natural language expressions in a compositional manner. It accepts the empirical assumption of Cognitive Semantics, and overcomes most shortcomings of Formal Semantics and of Distributional Semantics. The theory, however, is not a simple combination of existing theories, but an extensive generalization of classic logic and Formal Semantics. It inherits nearly all advantages of Formal Semantics, and also provides descriptive contents for objects and events as fine-gram as possible, descriptive contents which represent the results of human cognition.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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