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arXiv 1709.03081astro-ph.IM
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CTA阵列校准的工具和程序

Tools and Procedures for the CTA Array Calibration

Maria Concetta Maccarone, Dan Parsons, Markus Gaug, Raquel de los Reyes

摘要:

切伦科夫望远镜阵列(Cherenkov Telescope Array,CTA)是一项国际倡议,旨在建立下一代地基甚高能伽马射线天文台。全天空覆盖将由两个阵列保证,一个位于北半球,一个位于南半球。三种不同尺寸的望远镜将覆盖从数十GeV到数百TeV的广泛能量范围。这些望远镜的原型目前正在建造或完成,将有不同的镜子尺寸和视场,旨在访问不同的能量制度。此外,将有不同的光学系统,相机和电子设计的望远镜组。鉴于仪器的多样性,对整个阵列进行整体相干校准是一项具有挑战性的任务。此外,CTA对校准精度的要求比当前成像大气切伦科夫望远镜所达到的要求要严格得多,例如:能量标度中的系统误差不得超过10%。在这篇文章中,我们提出了两种方法,直接应用于所获得的观测CTA数据,将确保正确执行校准到严格要求的精度,以及目前正在开发和测试望远镜外部的校准设备。此外,还将介绍有关手术方法和器械的一些注意事项。应用于CTA观测数据的方法包括分析μ子环图像、仔细挑选的宇宙射线空气簇射图像、重建的电子谱和已知伽马射线源的电子谱,以及可能使用与硬件无关的立体技术。这些方法将辅之以使用地面或无人驾驶飞行器上的校准光源。

英文摘要:

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is an international initiative to build the next generation ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray observatory. Full sky coverage will be assured by two arrays, one located on each of the northern and southern hemispheres. Three different sizes of telescopes will cover a wide energy range from tens of GeV up to hundreds of TeV. These telescopes, of which prototypes are currently under construction or completion, will have different mirror sizes and fields-of-view designed to access different energy regimes. Additionally, there will be groups of telescopes with different optics system, camera and electronics design. Given this diversity of instruments, an overall coherent calibration of the full array is a challenging task. Moreover, the CTA requirements on calibration accuracy are much more stringent than those achieved with current Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, like for instance: the systematic errors in the energy scale must not exceed 10%.In this contribution we present both the methods that, applied directly to the acquired observational CTA data, will ensure that the calibration is correctly performed to the stringent required precision, and the calibration equipment that, external to the telescopes, is currently under development and testing. Moreover, some notes about the operative procedure to be followed with both methods and instruments, will be described. The methods applied to the observational CTA data include the analysis of muon ring images, of carefully selected cosmic-ray air shower images, of the reconstructed electron spectrum and that of known gamma-ray sources and the possible use of stereo techniques hardware-independent. These methods will be complemented with the use of calibrated light sources located on ground or on board unmanned aerial vehicles.

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