To fully empower sensor networks with cognitive Internet of Things (IoT) technology, efficient medium access control protocols that enable the coexistence of cognitive sensor networks with current wireless infrastructure are as essential as the cognitive power in data fusion and processing due to shared wireless spectrum. Cognitive radio (CR) is introduced to increase spectrum efficiency and support such an endeavor, which thereby becomes a promising building block toward facilitating cognitive IoT. In this paper, primary users (PUs) refer to devices in existing wireless infrastructure, and secondary users (SUs) refer to cognitive sensors. For interference control between PUs and SUs, SUs adopt dynamic spectrum access and power adjustment to ensure sufficient operation of PUs, which inevitably leads to increasing latency and poses new challenges on the reliability of IoT communications.
To guarantee operations of primary systems while simultaneously optimizing system performance in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs), this paper proposes interference-aware flooding schemes exploiting global timeout and vaccine recovery schemes to control the heavy buffer occupancy induced by packet replications. The information delivery dynamics of SUs under the proposed interference-aware recovery-assisted flooding schemes is analyzed via epidemic models and stochastic geometry from a macroscopic view of the entire system. The simulation results show that our model can efficiently capture the complicated data delivery dynamics in CRAHNs in terms of end-to-end transmission reliability and buffer occupancy. This paper sheds new light on analysis of recovery-assisted flooding schemes in CRAHNs and provides performance evaluation of cognitive IoT services built upon CRAHNs.
Multi-layer Mechanism for Multicast Routing in Multihop Cognitive Radio Networks
多播路由被认为是移动自组网中实现视频共享和数据分发的重要过程之一。如果任何发送器在任何给定时间都可以访问介质,则可以毫无困难地使用多播路由。然而,认知无线电网络(CRN)可能会出现诸如主用户(PU)的意外行为及其接入优先级以及网络异构性等挑战。在这篇论文中,我们提出了一个基于最小生成树和最短路径树的多跳移动Ad Hoc CRN多层组播路由协议。该算法采用成功的概率(POS)度量在执行信道分配过程。仿真实验进行了调查,所提出的方案的有效性,比较所提出的方案与最先进的方案的性能,并研究所提出的方案在各种网络条件下的吞吐量和分组投递率(PDR)的性能。仿真结果表明,SPT算法在吞吐量方面始终优于MST算法。
Congestion Aware Spray And Wait Protocol: A Congestion Control Mechanism For The Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network
在过去的几年里,车载自组织网络(VANET)已经成为一个重要的研究领域。为提高车辆网络排放系统的性能进行了大量研究。对VANET进行的进一步研究的一个结果是车辆延迟容忍网络(VDTN)。它是移动DTN的一种应用,其中节点使用存储-携带-转发方法在网络中中继消息。由于它的高移动性,它遭受频繁的断开连接,也在节点处,这导致消息丢弃的拥塞。为了最大限度地减少消息的下降率,从而优化消息传递的概率,使司机越来越多地了解道路的情况,我们提出了一种拥塞控制机制:拥塞感知喷射和等待(CASaW)协议在这项工作中,以优化消息传递到其目的地的速率,从而提高司机在车辆环境中的意识,从而提高道路安全。结果表明,我们的命题表现优于其他经典的VDTN协议的消息传递概率和丢包率的性能指标。我们使用虚拟网络环境(ONE)模拟器实现了经典的VDTN协议:PROPHET协议,Epidemic协议,MaxProp协议和Spray and Wait协议。仿真结果表明,我们提出的拥塞控制机制具有更好的性能,因为它保持了良好的消息传递率,以及最小化数据包丢失率,从而优化了消息到达目的地的机会,从而提高道路安全。
On Scalable Video Streaming over Cognitive Radio Cellular and Ad Hoc Networks
预计在未来几年,通过无线网络的视频内容交付将大幅增长。在本文中,我们研究了具有挑战性的问题,视频认知无线电(CR)网络。虽然具有很高的潜力,但这个问题带来了新的技术挑战。回顾相关工作后,我们首先解决的问题,基于基础设施的CR网络的视频,然后扩展到非基于基础设施的ad hoc CR网络的视频问题。我们提出了跨层优化问题的公式以及有效的算法来解决问题。所提出的算法进行了分析,其最优性和验证与模拟。
Reinforcement Learning for Cognitive Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network Node Management in an LEO-based Satellite Constellation
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心)
A One-Hop Information Based Geographic Routing Protocol for Delay Tolerant MANETs
延迟和中断容忍网络(DTN)可能缺乏连续的网络连接。因此,DTN中的路由是一个挑战,因为它必须处理网络分区,长延迟和动态拓扑。与此同时,传统的移动自组织网络(MANET)的路由协议不能很好地工作,因为它的假设,大多数网络连接是可用的失败。在这篇文章中,提出了一个地理路由协议的MANNETWORK在延迟容忍的情况下,通过使用不超过一跳的信息。设计了一个效用函数来实现欠控制复制策略。为了减少消息泛滥所造成的开销,我们采用了一个标准来评估消息的冗余程度。因此,一个消息冗余处理机制被添加到我们的路由协议。大量的仿真结果表明,当节点移动速度较低时,该路由协议在引入可接受的网络开销率的同时,在投递率和平均跳数方面优于Epidemic、Spray and Wait、FirstContact等协议.