太赫兹驱动的相变在室温太赫兹探测器中的应用
Terahertz-driven phase transition applied as a room-temperature terahertz detector
摘要：
很少有可以由太赫兹频率电场直接驱动的相变的示例，并且已知的那些示例需要超过1 MVcm $^{-1}$的场强。在这里，我们报告了室温下的相变驱动的弱（$\ll 1$ Vcm $^{-1}$），连续波太赫兹电场。该系统由铯蒸气在连续光激发下形成高位里德堡态，并通过太赫兹电场共振耦合到附近能级。我们使用一个简单的模型来了解基本的物理行为，我们展示了两个协议，利用相变作为窄带太赫兹探测器：第一个快速（20 $μ$ s）的非线性响应毫微瓦的入射辐射，第二个线性化的响应和有效的噪声等效功率（NEP）$\leq 1$ pWHz $^{-1/2}$。这项工作为一类新的太赫兹设备打开了大门，这些设备可以在低场强下控制，并在室温下工作。
英文摘要：
There are few demonstrated examples of phase transitions that may be driven directly by terahertz-frequency electric fields, and those that are known require field strengths exceeding 1 MVcm$^{-1}$. Here we report a room-temperature phase transition driven by a weak ($\ll 1$ Vcm$^{-1}$), continuous-wave terahertz electric field. The system consists of caesium vapour under continuous optical excitation to a high-lying Rydberg state, which is resonantly coupled to a nearby level by the terahertz electric field. We use a simple model to understand the underlying physical behaviour, and we demonstrate two protocols to exploit the phase transition as a narrowband terahertz detector: the first with a fast (20 $μ$s) nonlinear response to nano-Watts of incident radiation, and the second with a linearised response and effective noise equivalent power (NEP) $\leq 1$ pWHz$^{-1/2}$. The work opens the door to a new class of terahertz devices controlled with low field intensities and operating around room temperature.
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