Dirac-Maxwell对应：光的自旋1玻色子拓扑绝缘体
Dirac-Maxwell correspondence: Spin-1 bosonic topological insulator for light
摘要：
费米子和玻色子之间的根本区别在于它们的自旋和分布统计以及它们遵守的离散对称性（电荷，宇称和时间）。虽然具有时间反演对称性的物质的费米拓扑相已经取得了重大进展，但玻色子的对应物仍然难以捉摸。本文利用狄拉克-麦克斯韦对应给出了一个自旋为1的玻色拓扑绝缘体。从结构光子学的方法，模仿电子的伪自旋\textonehalf{}行为出发，我们利用整数自旋和离散对称性的光子制定一个独特的玻色子拓扑相的物质。我们介绍了一个玻色子Kramers定理和拓扑量子化的光子等价物，它只产生于光子自旋。我们的连续场论预测光子在时空色散简并手征的存在下获得质量，手征是物质内部磁电耦合的一种独特形式，与众所周知的手征、磁电、旋向性或双各向异性根本不同。我们预测，这种独特的色散（非本地）简并手征介质具有反常的宇称和时间反转对称性，如果在自然界中发现，将表现出一个带隙的量子自旋-1霍尔玻色子相。光子不具有导电性输运参数，可以量化（不像电子系统），但我们预测，光子自旋量子化的量子化的保护边缘状态是服从实验隔离导致一个新的玻色子相的物质。
英文摘要：
Fundamental differences between fermions and bosons are revealed in their spin and distribution statistics as well as the discrete symmetries they obey (charge, parity and time). While significant progress has been made on fermionic topological phases of matter with time-reversal symmetry, the bosonic counterpart still remains elusive. We present here a spin-1 bosonic topological insulator for light by utilizing a Dirac-Maxwell correspondence. Departing from structural photonic approaches which mimic the pseudo-spin-\textonehalf{} behavior of electrons, we exploit the integer spin and discrete symmetries of the photon to formulate a distinct bosonic topological phase of matter. We introduce a bosonic Kramers theorem and the photonic equivalent of topological quantization, which arises solely from photon spin. Our continuum field theory predicts that photons acquire a mass in the presence of a spatio-temporally dispersive degenerate chirality, a unique form of magneto-electric coupling inside matter fundamentally different from well-known chirality, magneto-electricity, gyrotropy or bi-anisotropy. We predict that this unique dispersive (non-local) degenerate chiral medium has anomalous parity and time-reversal symmetries and if found in nature will exhibit a gapped Quantum spin-1 Hall bosonic phase. Photons do not possess a conductivity transport parameter which can be quantized (unlike electronic systems), but we predict that photon spin quantization of symmetry-protected edge states is amenable to experimental isolation leading to a new bosonic phase of matter.
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