真空中laser俘获粒子功率谱的热展宽
Thermal broadening of the power spectra of laser-trapped particles in vacuum
摘要：
我们表明，在低压下的激光捕获粒子的功率谱的谱宽几乎是独立的压力，由于陷阱的非线性，反映了粒子的热分布。在实验中与纳米粒子被困在一个光晶格，我们确定了两个不同的功能的宽度。首先，沿光晶格的宽度比沿其它方向的宽度宽得多。其次，对于较大的纳米颗粒，光谱宽度较窄。我们发展了一个理论的热加宽，并表明，归一化的频谱宽度的质心运动的频率直接揭示了热能的陷阱深度的比率。所提出的模型提供了一个很好的理解所观察到的功能。我们的模型也适用于更小的粒子，如原子和分子，并可以很容易地扩展到一般情况下的单光束光阱。
英文摘要：
We show that at low pressures the spectral widths of the power spectra of laser-trapped particles are nearly independent from pressures and, due to the nonlinearities of the trap, reflect the thermal distribution of particles. In the experiments with nanoparticles trapped in an optical lattice, we identify two distinct features of the widths. First, the widths along an optical lattice are much broader than those in the other directions. Second, the spectral widths are narrower for larger nanoparticles. We develop a theory of thermal broadening and show that the spectral widths normalized by the frequencies of the center-of-mass motion directly reveal the ratio of the thermal energy to the trap depth. The presented model provides a good understanding of the observed features. Our model holds also for smaller particles such as atoms and molecules and can be readily extended to the general case with a single-beam optical trap.
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