重子化学势小值时重子净数分布的偏度和峰度
Skewness and kurtosis of net baryon-number distributions at small values of the baryon chemical potential
摘要：
本文给出了用物理光与奇异夸克质量比的格点量子色动力学计算得到的重子数净涨落的均值比（$M_B$）、方差比（$σ_B^2$）、偏度比（$S_B)$）和峰度比（$κ_B$）。使用次主导阶泰勒展开的重子化学势，我们发现，这些比率的定性特征非常类似于相应的实验测量的净质子数起伏的累积比的束能量下降到$\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} \ge 19.6$ GeV。我们表明，平均净重子数，$M_B/σ_B^2=χ_1^B(T,μ_B)/χ_2^B(T,μ_B)$和归一化偏度，$S_Bσ_B=χ_3^B(T,μ_B)/χ_2^B(T,μ_B)$，自然会出现在QCD热力学的累积比的差异。此外，我们还建立了偏度和峰度比之间的密切关系，$S_Bσ_B^3/M_B=χ_3^B(T,μ_B)/χ_1^B(T,μ_B)$和$κ_Bσ_B^2=χ_4^B(T,μ_B)/χ_2^B(T,μ_B)$，有效的重子化学势的小值。
英文摘要：
We present results for the ratios of mean ($M_B$), variance ($σ_B^2$), skewness ($S_B)$ and kurtosis ($κ_B$) of net baryon-number fluctuations obtained in lattice QCD calculations with a physical light to strange quark mass ratio. Using next-to-leading order Taylor expansions in baryon chemical potential we find that qualitative features of these ratios closely resemble the corresponding experimentally measured cumulants ratios of net proton-number fluctuations for beam energies down to $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} \ge 19.6$ GeV. We show that the difference in cumulant ratios for the mean net baryon-number, $M_B/σ_B^2=χ_1^B(T,μ_B)/χ_2^B(T,μ_B)$ and the normalized skewness, $S_Bσ_B=χ_3^B(T,μ_B)/χ_2^B(T,μ_B)$, naturally arises in QCD thermodynamics. Moreover, we establish a close relation between skewness and kurtosis ratios, $S_Bσ_B^3/M_B=χ_3^B(T,μ_B)/χ_1^B(T,μ_B)$ and $κ_Bσ_B^2=χ_4^B(T,μ_B)/χ_2^B(T,μ_B)$, valid at small values of the baryon chemical potential.
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