机械超材料中的特征长度尺度导致了反常尺寸效应和边界可编程性
A characteristic lengthscale causes anomalous size effects and boundary programmability in mechanical metamaterials
摘要：
机械超材料的架构旨在利用几何形状，非线性和拓扑结构来获得高级功能，如形状变形，可编程性和单向传播。虽然一个纯粹的几何框架成功地捕捉到了理想条件下的小系统的物理特性，但大系统或异构驾驶条件基本上仍未被探索。在这里，我们发现了一个广泛的类的超材料，如auxetics，形状改变或拓扑绝缘体的力学强异常：其刚度与系统大小的非单调变化，以及纹理边界的能力，完全改变其属性。这些引人注目的特征源于基于旋转的变形（与小系统相关）和普通弹性之间的竞争，并由特征长度尺度控制，该尺度完全可由建筑细节调节。我们的研究为在热力学极限下设计、控制和编程超材料力学提供了新的前景。
英文摘要：
The architecture of mechanical metamaterialsis designed to harness geometry, non-linearity and topology to obtain advanced functionalities such as shape morphing, programmability and one-way propagation. While a purely geometric framework successfully captures the physics of small systems under idealized conditions, large systems or heterogeneous driving conditions remain essentially unexplored. Here we uncover strong anomalies in the mechanics of a broad class of metamaterials, such as auxetics, shape-changers or topological insulators: a non-monotonic variation of their stiffness with system size, and the ability of textured boundaries to completely alter their properties. These striking features stem from the competition between rotation-based deformations---relevant for small systems---and ordinary elasticity, and are controlled by a characteristic length scale which is entirely tunable by the architectural details. Our study provides new vistas for designing, controlling and programming the mechanics of metamaterials in the thermodynamic limit.
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