年轻倾斜外行星的反常光变曲线
Anomalous light curves of young tilted exorings
摘要：
尽管成功发现了凌日系外行星，但最近观察到的几个物体（例如KIC-8462852，J1407和PDS-110）表现出非常规的凌日信号，其在球形单体方面的适当解释具有挑战性，如果不是不可能的话。在上述的例子中，环状结构的存在被提出来解释不寻常的数据。因此，在本文中，我们深入研究了由第三个密切的同伴干扰的倾斜exoring的动力学，以及Lidov-Kozai机制可能必须解释环状行星的不规则和异常过境信号的作用，以及环的早期阶段。为此，我们进行了数值模拟和半解析计算，以评估环的动力学和形态学特性，以及相关的过境观测。我们发现，倾斜的环状结构在形状和方向上会发生短期变化，表现为过境深度和接触时间的强烈变化，即使在连续的日食之间也是如此。任何探测到的凌日特征异常都可能导致对系统性质（行星半径、半长轴、恒星密度等）的错误计算。此外，振荡的环状结构可能解释了已知和未来发现的系外行星中某些光变曲线特征的奇异性。
英文摘要：
Despite the success of discovering transiting exoplanets, several recently observed objects (e.g. KIC-8462852, J1407 and PDS-110) exhibit unconventional transit signals, whose appropriate interpretation in terms of a spherical single body has been challenging, if not impossible. In the aforementioned examples the presence of a ring-like structure has been proposed for explaining the unusual data. Thus, in this paper we delve into the dynamics of a tilted exoring disturbed by a third close companion, and the role that the Lidov-Kozai mechanism may have to explain irregular and anomalous transit signals of ringed planets, as well as the ring's early stages. To that end, we performed numerical simulations and semi-analytical calculations to assess the ring's dynamical and morphological properties, and their related transit observables. We found that tilted ringed structures undergo short-term changes in shape and orientation that are manifested as strong variations of transit depth and contact times, even between consecutive eclipses. Any detected anomaly in transit characteristics may lead to a miscalculation of the system's properties (planetary radius, semi-major axis, stellar density and others). Moreover, oscillating ring-like structures may account for the strangeness of some light-curve features in already known and future discovered exoplanets.
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