S. Bonnefoy, T. Ashton, M. Backes, A. Balzer, D. Berge, F. Brun, T. Chaminade, E. Delagnes, G. Fontaine, M. Füßling, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, J. F. Glicenstein,… 展开作者
S. Bonnefoy, T. Ashton, M. Backes, A. Balzer, D. Berge, F. Brun, T. Chaminade, E. Delagnes, G. Fontaine, M. Füßling, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, J. F. Glicenstein, T. Gräber, J. A. Hinton, A. Jahnke, S. Klepser, M. Kossatz, A. Kretzschmann, V. Lefranc, H. Leich, J. P. Lenain, H. Lüdecke, I. Lypova, P. Manigot, V. Marandon, E. Moulin, M. de Naurois, P. Nayman, S. Ohm, M. Penno, D. Ross, D. Salek, M. Schade, T. Schwab, K. Shiningayamwe, C. Stegmann, C. Steppa, J. Thornhill, F. Toussenel
The 14 years old cameras of the H.E.S.S. 12-m telescopes have been upgraded in 2015/2016, with the goals of reducing the system failure rate, reducing the dead time and improving the overall performance of the array. This conference contribution describes the various tests that were carried out on the cameras and their sub-components both in the lab and on site. It also gives an overview of the commissioning and calibration procedures adopted during and after the installation, including e.g. flat-fielding and trigger threshold scans. Finally, it reports in detail about the overall performance of the four new H.E.S.S. I cameras, using very recent data.
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is an array of five imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes in Namibia observing gamma-rays in the energy range from a few tens of GeV to a few tens of TeV. The Cherenkov signal detected by photomultiplier tubes is sampled at 1 GHz. In nominal data acquisition (charge) mode, this signal is integrated over a fixed window of 16 ns in case trigger conditions are met. Thanks to the electronics upgrade of the four H.E.S.S. I cameras in spring 2017, full 1 GHz-sampled waveforms can be read out in parallel to the nominal charge mode. This allows for a h…
The 85-cm telescope at the Xinglong station is a well-operated prime focus system with high science outputs. The telescope has been upgraded since 2014 with new corrector, filters and camera, which are provided by Beijing Normal University (BNU). The filter set is Johnson-Cousins UBVRI system. We report the test results of the new system including the bias, dark current, linearity, gain and readout noise of the CCD camera . Then we derive accurate instrumental calibration coefficients in UBVRI bands with Landolt standard stars in the photometric nights. Finally, we give the limiting magnitudes…
In 2015/16, the photomultiplier cameras of the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescopes CT1-4 have undergone a major upgrade. The entire electronics has been replaced, using NECTAr chips for the front-end readout. A new ventilation system has been installed and several auxiliary components have been replaced. Besides this, the internal control and readout software was rewritten from scratch in a modern and modular way. Ethernet technology was used wherever possible to ensure both flexibility, stability and high bandwidth. An overview of the installed components will be given.
VERITAS is an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range between 85 GeV and 30 TeV. The instrument underwent an upgrade of the camera triggers in November 2011. The new systems use 400 MHz Xilinix Virtex-5 FPGAs for the pixel neighbor coincidence logic necessary to produce a camera-level trigger. The upgraded systems are capable of time-aligning individual triggering pixels to within ~0.2 nanoseconds, allowing for an operational pixel-to-pixel coincidence window of ~5 nanoseconds. This reduced coincidence window provides improved rejection of …
Thermal and Optical Characterization of Near-Earth Objects: Science Commissioning of the Recently Upgraded Mid-Infrared Camera MIRSI on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility
Design and Performance of the Upgraded Prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope Camera Module
INFN Sezione di Perugia（意大利国家核物理研究所佩鲁加分部）；INFN Sezione di Napoli（意大利国家核物理研究所那不勒斯分部）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento（特伦托大学物理系）；INFN Sezione di Bari（意大利国家核物理研究所巴里分部）；Center for Astrophysics — Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛与史密森尼天体物理中心）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia dell’Università degli Studi di Perugia（佩鲁贾大学物理与地质学系）；Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari（巴里大学与理工大学联合物理系）；INFN Sezione di Pisa（意大利国家核物理研究所比萨分部）；Department of Physics, Washington University（华盛顿大学物理系）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学巴纳德学院物理与天文学系）；Broadcom Inc.（博通公司）
In October 2019 the central 28m telescope of the H.E.S.S. experiment has been upgraded with a new camera. The camera is based on the FlashCam design which has been developed in view of a possible future implementation in the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). We report here on the results of the science verification program that has been performed after commissioning of the new camera, to show that the camera and software pipelines are working up to expectations.
Refurbishment and Cryocooler Upgrade of the CPAPIR Wide-Field Near-Infrared Camera: Design, Integration, and Lessons Learned
Institut Trottier de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (IREx), Département de Physique, Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学特罗蒂尔系外行星研究所（IREx），物理系）；Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic（蒙梅甘蒂克天文台）
MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located at the Canary Island of La Palma, designed to observe gamma rays with energies above 50 GeV. Recently it has undergone an upgrade of the camera, digital trigger and readout systems. The upgrade has led to an improvement in the performance of the telescopes, especially in the lower energy range. We evaluate the performance of the upgraded MAGIC telescopes using Monte Carlo simulations and a large sample of Crab Nebula data. We study differential and integral sensitivity of the system, its angular resolution as well as its…
In October 2019, the central 28 m telescope of the H.E.S.S. experiment has been upgraded with a new camera. The camera is based on the FlashCam design which has been developed in view of a possible future implementation in the Medium-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), with emphasis on cost and performance optimization and on reliability. The fully digital design of the trigger and readout system makes it possible to operate the camera at high event rates and to precisely adjust and understand the trigger system. The novel design of the front-end electronics achieves a dyn…
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is an array of five Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located in the Khomas Highland of Namibia. H.E.S.S. observes gamma rays above tens of GeV by detecting the Cherenkov light that is produced when Very High Energy gamma rays interact with the Earth's atmosphere. The H.E.S.S. Data Acquisition System (DAQ) coordinates the nightly telescope operations, ensuring that the various components communicate properly and behave as intended. It also provides the interface between the telescopes and the people on shift who guide the operations. The DA…
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is one of the three arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) currently in operation. It is composed of four 12-meter telescopes and a 28-meter one, and is sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range ~30 GeV - 100 TeV. The cameras of the 12-m telescopes recently underwent a substantial upgrade, with the goal of improving their performance and robustness. The upgrade involved replacing all camera components except for the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This meant developing new hardware for the trigger, readout, power, cooling and m…
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) located in the Khomas Highland in Namibia. It consists of four 12-m telescopes (CT1-4), which started operations in 2003, and a 28-m diameter one (CT5), which was brought online in 2012. It is the only IACT system featuring telescopes of different sizes, which provides sensitivity for gamma rays across a very wide energy range, from ~30 GeV up to ~100 TeV. Since the camera electronics of CT1-4 are much older than the one of CT5, an upgrade is being carried out; first deployment was in…
The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a medium-sized telescope technology proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It uses a novel dual-mirror optical design that removes comatic aberrations across its entire field of view. The SCT camera employs high-resolution silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) sensors with a pixel size of 4 arcminutes. A prototype SCT (pSCT) has been constructed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Arizona, USA. An observing campaign in 2020, with a partial camera of 1600 pixels (2.7 degrees by 2.7 degrees field of view) resulted in detection of the Crab Nebula …
The MAGIC telescopes are two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) located on the Canary island of La Palma. The telescopes are designed to measure Cherenkov light from air showers initiated by gamma rays in the energy regime from around 50 GeV to more than 50 TeV. The two telescopes were built in 2004 and 2009, respectively, with different cameras, triggers and readout systems. In the years 2011-2012 the MAGIC collaboration undertook a major upgrade to make the stereoscopic system uniform, improving its overall performance and easing its maintenance. In particular, the camera, the …
SVOM/C-GFT: Instrumentation and Performances on the SVOM Alerts
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院）；Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台长春观测站）
