Binary black hole systems are among the most important sources for gravitational wave detection. And also they are good objects for theoretical research for general relativity. Gravitational waveform template is important to data analysis. Effective-one-body-numerical-relativity (EOBNR) model has played an essential role in the LIGO data analysis. For future space-based gravitational wave detection, many binary systems will admit somewhat orbit eccentricity. At the same time the eccentric binary is also an interesting topic for theoretical study in general relativity. In this paper we construct the first eccentric binary waveform model based on effective-one-body-numerical-relativity framework. Our basic assumption in the model construction is that the involved eccentricity is small. We have compared our eccentric EOBNR model to the circular one used in LIGO data analysis. We have also tested our eccentric EOBNR model against to another recently proposed eccentric binary waveform model; against to numerical relativity simulation results; and against to perturbation approximation results for extreme mass ratio binary systems. Compared to numerical relativity simulations with eccentricity as large as about 0.2, the overlap factor for our eccentric EOBNR model is better than 0.98 for all tested cases including spinless binary and spinning binary; equal mass binary and unequal mass binary. Hopefully our eccentric model can be the start point to develop a faithful template for future space-based gravitational wave detectors.
An improved effective-one-body model of spinning, nonprecessing binary black holes for the era of gravitational-wave astrophysics with advanced detectors
Effective-one-body waveform model for noncircularized, planar, coalescing black hole binaries II:high accuracy by improving logarithmic terms in resummations
We present new developments and comparisons of competing inspiral and waveform models for highly eccentric non-spinning extreme and intermediate mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs and IMRIs). Starting from our high eccentricity self-force library, we apply the near-identity transform (NIT) technique to rapidly compute highly eccentric self-forced inspirals for the first time. Upon evaluating our approximate NIT results via comparison with full self-force inspirals, we couple our accurate and streamlined inspiral data to potential waveform generation schemes. We find that, although high eccentricity s…
A waveform model for the eccentric binary black holes named SEOBNRE has been used to analyze the LIGO-Virgo's gravitational wave data by several groups. The accuracy of this model has been validated by comparing it with numerical relativity. However, SEOBNRE is a time-domain model, and the efficiency for generating waveforms is a bottleneck in data analysis. To overcome this disadvantage, we offer a reduced-order surrogate model for eccentric binary black holes based on the SEOBNRE waveforms. This surrogate model (SEOBNRE\_S) can simulate the complete inspiral-merger-ringdown waves with enough…
While most binary inspirals are expected to have circularized before they enter the LIGO/Virgo frequency band, a small fraction of those binaries could have non-negligible orbital eccentricity depending on their formation channel. Hence, it is important to accurately model eccentricity effects in waveform models used to detect those binaries, infer their properties, and shed light on their astrophysical environment. We develop a multipolar effective-one-body (EOB) eccentric waveform model for compact binaries whose components have spins aligned or anti-aligned with the orbital angular momentum…
Adding higher-order spherical harmonics in non-spinning eccentric binary black hole merger waveform models
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校卡弗里理论物理研究所）；Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity and Cosmology, California Institute of Technology（加利福尼亚理工学院包括相对论和宇宙学的理论天体物理学）；Department of Physics and Center for Computational Research, University of Rhode Island（罗德岛大学物理系与计算研究中心）；Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth（麻省大学达特茅斯分校物理系）；Center for Scientific Computing and Data Science Research, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth（麻省大学达特茅斯分校科学计算与数据科学研究中心）；Department of Mathematics, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth（麻省大学达特茅斯分校数学系）
We provide a systematic analysis of the multipolar gravitational waveform, energy and angular momentum fluxes emitted by a nonspinning test particle orbiting a Kerr black hole along equatorial, eccentric orbits. These quantities are computed by numerically solving the Teukolsky equation in the time domain and are then used to test and improve the radiation reaction (and waveform) of an effective-one-body (EOB) model. Eccentricity is incorporated into EOB by replacing the quasi-circular Newtonian (or leading-order) prefactors in the EOB-factorized multipolar waveform (and fluxes) with their gen…
We analyze a new numerical relativity dataset of spinning but nonprecessing binary black holes on eccentric orbits, with eccentricities from approximately $0.1$ to $0.5$, with dimensionless spins up to $0.75$ included at mass ratios $q=m_1/m_2 = (1, 2)$, and further nonspinning binaries at mass ratios $q = (1.5, 3, 4)$. A comparison of the final mass and spin of these simulations with noneccentric data extends previous results in the literature on circularization of eccentric binaries to the spinning case. For the $(l,m)=(2,2)$ spin-weighted spherical harmonic mode we construct eccentric hybri…
The detection of gravitational-wave signals from coalescing eccentric binary black holes would yield unprecedented information about the formation and evolution of compact binaries in specific scenarios, such as dynamical formation in dense stellar clusters and three-body interactions. The gravitational-wave searches by the ground-based interferometers, LIGO and Virgo, rely on analytical waveform models for binaries on quasicircular orbits. Eccentric merger waveform models are less developed, and only few numerical simulations of eccentric mergers are publicly available, but several eccentric …
We here present the first analytic effective fly-by (EFB) waveforms designed to accurately capture the burst of gravitational radiation from the closest approach of highly eccentric compact binaries. The waveforms are constructed by performing a re-summation procedure on the well-known Fourier series representation of the two-body problem at leading post-Newtonian order. This procedure results in two models: one in the time-domain, and one in the Fourier domain, which makes use of the stationary phase approximation. We discuss the computational efficiency of these models, and find that the tim…
Large-Eccentricity Asymptotics and Fast Analytic Approximation for Fourier modes of Post-Newtonian Eccentric Waveforms
Instituto de Física Téorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学理论物理研究所）；Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学）；Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS（中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院）
We present a new effective-one-body (EOB) model for eccentric binary coalescences. The model stems from the state-of-the-art model TEOBResumS$\_$SM for circularized coalescing black-hole binaries, that is modified to explicitly incorporate eccentricity effects both in the radiation reaction and in the waveform. Using Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli type calculations of the gravitational wave losses as benchmarks, we find that a rather accurate ($\sim 1\%$) expression for the radiation reaction along mildly eccentric orbits ($e \sim 0.3$) is given by dressing the current, EOB-resummed, circularized angul…
We use the open source, community-driven, numerical relativity software, the Einstein Toolkit to study the physics of eccentric, spinning, nonprecessing binary black hole mergers with mass-ratios $q=\{2, 4, 6\}$, individual dimensionless spin parameters $χ_{1z}=\pm0.6$, $χ_{2z}=\pm0.3$, that include higher order gravitational wave modes $\ell\leq4$, except for memory modes. Assuming stellar mass binary black hole mergers that may be detectable by the advanced LIGO detectors, we find that including modes up to $\ell=4$ increases the signal-to-noise of compact binaries between $3.5\%$ to $35\%$,…
We introduce a new paradigm for constructing accurate analytic waveforms (and fluxes) for eccentric compact binaries. Our recipe builds on the standard Post-Newtonian (PN) approach but (i) retains implicit time-derivatives of the phase space variables in the instantaneous part of the noncircular waveform, and then (ii) suitably factorizes and resums this partly PN-implicit waveform using effective-one-body (EOB) procedures. We test our prescription against the exact results obtained by solving the Teukolsky equation with a test-mass source orbiting a Kerr black hole, and compare the use of the…
Post-Newtonian theory-inspired framework for characterizing eccentricity in gravitational waveforms
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校卡弗里理论物理研究所）；Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity and Cosmology, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院理论天体物理学（含相对论与宇宙学））；Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校物理系）；International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（塔塔基础研究院国际理论科学中心）
Eccentric and unbound compact binaries in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog: parameter estimation and waveform systematics with SEOBNRv6EHM
University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）；Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)（马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦研究所））；University of Maryland（马里兰大学）
Measuring Eccentricity and Addressing Waveform Systematics in GW231123
Center for Gravitational Physics, The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校引力物理中心）；Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation, Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院计算相对论与引力中心）
Building upon recent work, we present an improved effective-one-body (EOB) model for spin-aligned, coalescing, black hole binaries with generic orbital configurations, i.e. quasi-circular, eccentric or hyperbolic orbits. The model relies on the idea of incorporating general Newtonian prefactors, instead of the usual quasi-circular ones, in both radiation reaction and waveform. The major advance with respect to previous work is that the quasi-circular limit of the model is now correctly informed by numerical relativity (NR) quasi-circular simulation. This provides EOB/NR unfaithfulness for the …
Universal phenomenological relations between spherical harmonic modes in non-precessing eccentric binary black hole merger waveforms
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校卡弗里理论物理研究所）；Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity and Cosmology, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院理论天体物理学（含相对论与宇宙学）部门）；Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校物理系）；International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（印度塔塔基础研究院国际理论科学中心）
We construct a new factorized waveform including $(l,|m|)=(2,2),(2,1),(3,3),(4,4)$ modes based on effective-one-body (EOB) formalism, which is valid for spinning binary black holes (BBH) in general equatorial orbit. When combined with the dynamics of $\texttt{SEOBNRv4}$, the $(l,|m|)=(2,2)$ mode waveform generated by this new waveform can fit the original $\texttt{SEOBNRv4}$ waveform very well in the case of a quasi-circular orbit. We have calibrated our new waveform model to the Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) catalog. The comparison is done for BBH with total mass in $(20,200)M_\odot$ us…
Compact binary systems with black holes are the primary sources of interferometric advanced gravitational wave detectors. Astrophysical models suggest finite possibility of binary systems with appreciable non-zero eccentricity in the dense stellar environment like globular clusters and galactic nuclei. While most of the compact binary measurements have not shown appreciable eccentricity, constrains on the eccentricity have been placed on few detected events. With increasing sensitivity of the gravitational wave detectors, the eccentric binaries are plausible sources in the gravitational wave w…
Time-domain phenomenological multipolar waveforms for aligned-spin binary black holes in elliptical orbits
Universitat de les Illes Balears（巴利阿里群岛大学）；Universität Zürich（苏黎世大学）；Max Plank Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert Einstein Institut)（马克斯·普朗克引力物理学研究所（爱因斯坦研究所））；Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所（欧洲空间信息中心，西班牙高等科学研究委员会））；Dutch National Institute for Subatomic Physics (Nikhef)（荷兰国家亚原子物理研究所（尼赫夫））
Orbital eccentricity is a key signature of dynamical binary black hole formation. The gravitational waves from a coalescing binary contain information about its orbital eccentricity, which may be measured if the binary retains sufficient eccentricity near merger. Dedicated waveforms are required to measure eccentricity. Several models have been put forward, and show good agreement with numerical relativity at the level of a few percent or better. However, there are multiple ways to define eccentricity for inspiralling systems, and different models internally use different definitions of eccent…
In general relativity, there is no dispersion in gravitational waves, while some modified gravity theories predict dispersion phenomena in the propagation of gravitational waves. In this paper, we demonstrate that this dispersion will induce an observable deviation of waveforms if the orbits have large eccentricities. The mechanism is that the waveform modes with different frequencies will be emitted at the same time due to the existence of eccentricity. During the propagation, because of the dispersion, the arrival time of different modes will be different, then produce the deviation and deph…
In this paper, we estimate the eccentricity of the 10 BBHs in GWTC-1 by using the inspiral-only BBH waveform template EccentricFD. Firstly, we test our method with simulated eccentric BBHs. Afterwards we apply the method to the real BBH gravitational wave data. We find that the BBHs in GWTC-1 except GW151226, GW170608 and GW170729 admit very small eccentricity. Their upper limits on eccentricity range from 0.033 to 0.084 with 90% credible interval at the reference frequency 10 Hz. For GW151226, GW170608 and GW170729, the upper limits are higher than 0.1. The relatively large eccentricity of GW…
We present a new approach to factorize and resum the post-Newtonian (PN) waveform for generic equatorial motion to be used within effective-one-body (EOB) based waveform models. The new multipolar waveform factorization improves previous prescriptions in that: (i) the generic Newtonian contribution is factored out from each multipole; (ii) the circular part is factored out and resummed using standard EOB methods and (iii) the residual, 2PN-accurate, noncircular part, and in particular the tail contribution, is additionally resummed using Padé approximants. The resulting waveform is validated i…
The production of numerical relativity waveforms that describe quasicircular binary black hole mergers requires high-quality initial data, and an algorithm to iteratively reduce residual eccentricity. To date, these tools remain closed source, or in commercial software that prevents their use in high performance computing platforms. To address these limitations, and to ensure that the broader numerical relativity community has access to these tools, herein we provide all the required elements to produce high-quality numerical relativity simulations in supercomputer platforms, namely: open sour…
We construct an inspiral-merger-ringdown eccentric gravitational-wave (GW) model for binary black holes with non-precessing spins within the effective-one-body formalism. This waveform model, SEOBNRv4EHM, extends the accurate quasi-circular SEOBNRv4HM model to eccentric binaries by including recently computed eccentric corrections up to 2PN order in the gravitational waveform modes, notably the $(l,|m|)=(2,2),(2,1),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5)$ multipoles. The waveform model reproduces the zero eccentricity limit with an accuracy comparable to the underlying quasi-circular model, with the unfaithfulness …
