Emergence和一个具有热增压和非线性相互作用的系统中的相变和普适性的地震学意义
Emergence and seismological implications of phase transition and universality in a system with interaction between thermal pressurization and dilatancy
摘要：
通过假设摩擦热、流体压力和非弹性孔隙度之间的相互作用，模拟了动态震源过程。特别地，由于摩擦加热（热增压效应）而导致的流体压力增加和由于非弹性孔隙度增加（非弹性效应）而导致的流体压力减小在该过程中起重要作用。两个零倾线在控制方程组中变得完全相同，这在相空间中产生非孤立的不动点。这些导致了一种类型的相变，它产生了由一个变量的初始值和另一个变量的最终值之间的幂律描述的普适性。普遍的临界指数被发现是1/2，这是独立的孔隙度演化规律的细节。以最终孔隙度或滑移量为序参量，可以将动态地震滑移过程看作一个相变过程。孔隙度演化规律的不确定性使得相态出现的物理预测困难，而最终滑移量的普遍性使得预测困难。最后讨论了结果的非线性数学应用。
英文摘要：
A dynamic earthquake source process is modeled by assuming interaction among frictional heat, fluid pressure, and inelastic porosity. In particular, fluid pressure increase due to frictional heating (thermal pressurization effect) and fluid pressure decrease due to inelastic porosity increase (dilatancy effect) play important roles in this process. Two nullclines become exactly the same in the system of governing equations, which generates non-isolated fixed points in the phase space. These lead to a type of phase transition, which produces a universality described by the power law between the initial value of one variable and the final value of the other variable. The universal critical exponent is found to be 1/2, which is independent of the details of the porosity evolution law. We can regard the dynamic earthquake slip process as a phase transition by considering the final porosity or slip as the order parameter. Physical prediction of phase emergence is difficult because the porosity evolution law has uncertainties, and the final slip amount is difficult to predict because of the universality. Finally, nonlinear mathematical application of the result is also discussed.
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