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arXiv 1707.08136stat.CO
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蒙特卡罗加速:重要性抽样和混合动态系统

Monte-Carlo acceleration: importance sampling and hybrid dynamic systems

H. Chraibi, A. Dutfoy, T. Galtier, J. Garnier

摘要:

一个复杂的工业系统的可靠性很少能通过分析来评估。由于系统故障通常是罕见的事件,从计算的角度来看,粗糙的蒙特卡罗方法是昂贵的。为了减少计算时间,可以使用诸如重要性抽样的方差减少方法。我们提出了一个适应这种方法的一类多分量动力系统。我们解决一个系统,其故障对应于系统的物理变量(温度,压力,水位)进入临界区域。这种系统在液压和核工业中很常见。在这些系统中,组件的状态(开、关或乱序)决定了物理变量的动态特性,并通过确定性反馈机制和随机故障或修复来改变。为了处理组件状态和物理变量之间的这种相互作用,我们使用分段确定性马尔可夫过程(PSTV)的轨迹模型。我们展示了如何适应重要性抽样方法PSTK,通过引入一个参考措施的轨迹空间,我们提出了一个偏置策略的重要性抽样。模拟研究比较了我们的重要性抽样方法的原油蒙特卡罗方法的三组分系统。

英文摘要:

The reliability of a complex industrial system can rarely be assessed analytically. As system failure is often a rare event, crude Monte-Carlo methods are prohibitively expensive from a computational point of view. In order to reduce computation times, variance reduction methods such as importance sampling can be used. We propose an adaptation of this method for a class of multi-component dynamical systems. We address a system whose failure corresponds to a physical variable of the system (temperature, pressure, water level) entering a critical region. Such systems are common in hydraulic and nuclear industry. In these systems, the statuses of the components (on, off, or out-of-order) determine the dynamics of the physical variables, and is altered both by deterministic feedback mechanisms and random failures or repairs. In order to deal with this interplay between components status and physical variables we model trajectory using piecewise deterministic Markovian processes (PDMP). We show how to adapt the importance sampling method to PDMP, by introducing a reference measure on the trajectory space, and we present a biasing strategy for importance sampling. A simulation study compares our importance sampling method to the crude Monte-Carlo method for a three-component-system.

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