玫瑰状星云球状体：海马孕育恒星
Rosette nebula globules: Seahorse giving birth to a star
摘要：
玫瑰星云是一个主要被星团NGC 2244电离的HII区域。在HII区和周围分子壳层的交界处可以看到象鼻、小球和小小球。我们在玫瑰星云的西北部观察到一个区域，在那里我们研究了从外壳突出的小球状体。我们的目标是测量它们的性质，并研究它们的恒星形成历史，以延续我们早期对该地区特征的研究。我们使用ESO/NTT的SOFI相机在宽带近红外（NIR）JsHKs滤波器和窄带H2 1-0 S（1）、P $β$和连续滤波器中对该区域进行成像。这些影像被用来研究恒星星族和表面亮度，创建视觉消光图，并定位恒星形成。中红外（MIR）斯皮策IRAC和WISE和光学NOT图像被用来进一步研究恒星的形成和球状体的结构。NIR和MIR观测结果表明存在外流，这一点得到了APEX CO观测结果的证实。球状体的平均数密度为~ $4.6\times10^4 \rm cm^{-3}$。P $β$在球状体核心的吸收中被观察到，在那里我们测量了11-16磁的视觉反射。在观察到的带中，外壳和球状体有明亮的边缘。在Ks带中，20%至40%的发射是由于在2.12 $μ$ m H2线中的荧光发射，类似于我们先前在附近区域中研究的微小致密小球状体。我们确定了几个恒星的近红外多余的候选人，其中四个也检测到斯皮策IRAC 8.0 $μ$ m图像和进一步研究。我们发现一个流出的空腔壁明亮的2.124 $μ$ m H2线和8.0 $μ$ m的一个小球。外流来自一个I类年轻恒星物体（YSO）嵌入球状体深处。H $α$图像表明YSO驱动可能的秒差距尺度的外流。（节略）
英文摘要：
The Rosette Nebula is an HII region ionized mainly by the stellar cluster NGC 2244. Elephant trunks, globules, and globulettes are seen at the interface where the HII region and the surrounding molecular shell meet. We have observed a field in the northwestern part of the Rosette Nebula where we study the small globules protruding from the shell. Our aim is to measure their properties and study their star formation history in continuation of our earlier study of the features of the region. We imaged the region in broadband near-infrared (NIR) JsHKs filters and narrowband H2 1-0 S(1), P$β$, and continuum filters using the SOFI camera at the ESO/NTT. The imaging was used to study the stellar population and surface brightness, create visual extinction maps, and locate star formation. Mid-infrared (MIR) Spitzer IRAC and WISE and optical NOT images were used to further study the star formation and the structure of the globules. The NIR and MIR observations indicate an outflow, which is confirmed with CO observations made with APEX. The globules have mean number densities of ~$4.6\times10^4 \rm cm^{-3}$. P$β$ is seen in absorption in the cores of the globules where we measure visual extinctions of 11-16 mag. The shell and the globules have bright rims in the observed bands. In the Ks band 20 to 40% of the emission is due to fluorescent emission in the 2.12 $μ$m H2 line similar to the tiny dense globulettes we studied earlier in a nearby region. We identify several stellar NIR excess candidates and four of them are also detected in the Spitzer IRAC 8.0 $μ$m image and studied further. We find an outflow with a cavity wall bright in the 2.124 $μ$m H2 line and at 8.0 $μ$m in one of the globules. The outflow originates from a Class I young stellar object (YSO) embedded deep inside the globule. An H$α$ image suggests the YSO drives a possible parsec-scale outflow. (abridged)
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