纳米结构流体-固体界面的热力学、动力学与动理学
Thermodynamics, Dynamics, and Kinetics of Nanostructured Fluid-Solid Interfaces
AI总结：
本文综述润湿与吸附界面模型，指出经典锐界面理论在纳米异质、热运动亚稳体系中的局限，并用 Langevin 动力学和 Kramers 理论扩展其描述能力。
摘要：
本文涵盖适用于分析胶体和多相体系中润湿、吸附及相关界面现象的热力学、动力学与动理学模型。文章特别强调描述关键物理假设，以及所述理论方法和预测模型的适用范围。对热力学体系的经典锐界面处理假设一个完全光滑的表面分隔均匀各相；在分析受热运动影响、并因纳米尺度界面异质性而呈现多个亚稳态的体系时，这种处理可能表现出显著局限。诸如随机 Langevin 动力学等介观方法，可将锐界面模型的应用扩展到在热运动过程中表现出亚稳态的多种体系。对于此类亚稳体系，动力学和动理学方程能够描述体系趋近热力学平衡时可观测（宏观）变量的演化。在足够接近平衡时，Kramers 关于热激活逃离亚稳态的理论可通过动理学方程有效描述多种润湿和界面过程。文章还结合涉及纳米颗粒、纳米流体学和纳米结构表面的当前技术发展，简要讨论了热力学、动力学与动理学模型进一步发展和应用的未来方向。
英文摘要：
This article covers thermodynamic, dynamic, and kinetic models that are suitable for the analysis of wetting, adsorption, and related interfacial phenomena in colloidal and multiphase systems. Particular emphasis is made on describing crucial physical assumptions and the validity range of the described theoretical approaches and predictive models. The classical sharp interface treatment of thermodynamic systems where a perfectly smooth surface is assumed to separate homogeneous phases can present significant limitations when analyzing systems that are subject to thermal motion and present multiple metastable states caused by interfacial heterogeneities of nanoscale dimensions. Mesoscopic approaches such as stochastic Langevin dynamics can extend the application of sharp interface models to a wide variety of systems exhibiting metastability as they undergo thermal motion. For such metastable systems, dynamic and kinetic equations can describe the evolution of observable (macroscopic) variables as the system approaches thermodynamic equilibrium. Sufficiently close to equilibrium, Kramers theory of thermally activated escape from metastable states can be effectively employed to describe diverse wetting and interfacial processes via kinetic equations. Future directions for further advancement and application of thermodynamic, dynamic, and kinetic models are briefly discussed in the context of current technological developments involving nanoparticles, nanofluidics, and nanostructured surfaces.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
