任意子气体的动量分布和膨胀
Quasimomentum distribution and expansion of an anyonic gas
摘要：
我们指出，动量分布是不是一个适当的观察到的二维任意子系统。考虑到任意子是威尔切克的复合带电通量管，这是由于动量算符的正交分量在通量管的位置上不对易，因此不能在同一基上对角化。作为一个替代的动量分布的任意子（空间局域化）状态，我们建议使用渐近单粒子密度后，在自由空间中的任意子从状态的扩展。当统计参数接近玻色子或费米子的统计参数时，这个定义与标准定义是一致的。膨胀动力学，这是我们的建议的基础，可用于测量任意统计的观测值的确切例子，显示。
英文摘要：
We point out that the momentum distribution is not a proper observable for a system of anyons in two-dimensions. In view of anyons as Wilczek's composite charged flux-tubes, this is a consequence of the fact that the orthogonal components of the kinetic momentum operator do not commute at the position of a flux tube, and thus cannot be diagonalized in the same basis. As a substitute for the momentum distribution of an anyonic (spatially localized) state, we propose to use the asymptotic single-particle density after expansion of anyons in free space from the state. This definition is identical with the standard one when the statistical parameter approaches that for bosons or fermions. Exact examples of expansion dynamics, which underpin our proposal, and observables that can be used to measure anyonic statistics, are shown.
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