We discuss the foundation of the Trojan Horse Method (THM) within the Inclusive Non-Elastic Breakup (INEB) theory. We demonstrate that the direct part of the INEB cross section, which is of two-step character, becomes, in the DWBA limit of the three-body theory with appropriate approximations and redefinitions, similar in structure to the one-step THM cross section. We also discuss the connection of the THM to the Surrogate Method (SM), which is a genuine two-step process.
In this Letter I argue that the Surrogate Method, used to extract the fast neutron capture cross section on actinide target nuclei, which has important practical application for the next generation of breeder reactors, and the Trojan Horse Method employed to extract reactions of importance to nuclear astrophysics, have a common foundation, the Inclusive Non-Elastic Breakup (INEB)Theory. Whereas the Surrogate Method relies on the premise that the extracted neutron cross section in a (d,p) reaction is predominantly a compound nucleus one, the Trojan Horse Method, assumes a predominantly direct p…
Trojan Horse as an indirect technique in nuclear astrophysics. Resonance reactions
特洛伊木马方法是一种强有力的间接技术，通过测量准自由运动学中特洛伊木马反应$a + A \to y+ b + B$的截面，为确定天体物理相关能量下二元重排过程$x + A \to b + B$的天体物理因子提供信息。我们提出的特洛伊木马方法的理论共振二进制子反应的基础上的半离能壳R矩阵的方法，考虑到离能壳效应和初始和最终状态的相互作用。
In this paper, I will update the current status of the carbon-carbon fusion research taking into account that after the latest analysis [Beck {\it et al.} Eur. Phys. J. A {\bf 56}, 97 (2020), Letter to the Editor] new important experimental and theoretical results had been published and will discuss how to advance new THM measurements to extract the low-energy astrophysical $S$-factors.
Carbon-carbon burning plays an important role in many stellar environments. Recently, using the indirect Trojan horse method A. Tumino {\em et al.} reported [Nature {\bf 557} 687 (2018)] a strong rise of the astrophysical factor for the carbon-carbon fusion at low resonance energies. In this paper, we demonstrate that this rise is the artifact of using an invalid plane-wave approximation. It is shown that the calculated renormalization factor decreases the astrophysical factor from [A. Tumino {\em et al.}, Nature {\bf 557} 687 (2018)] at the resonance energies of $E=0.8-0.9$ MeV by as much as …
In this paper we discuss the $R$-matrix approach to treat the subthreshold resonances for the single-level and one channel, and for the single-level and two channel cases. In particular, the expression relating the ANC with the observable reduced width, when the subthreshold bound state is the only channel or coupled with an open channel, which is a resonance, is formulated. Since the ANC plays a very important role in nuclear astrophysics, these relations significantly enhance the power of the derived equations. We present the relationship between the resonance width and the ANC for the gener…
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis results refined via the Trojan Horse Method
Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN（南方国家实验室，意大利核物理研究所）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Ettore Majorana’, Universitá di Catania（卡塔尼亚大学埃托雷·马约拉纳物理与天文学系）；Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e Struttura della Materia (CSFNSM)（西西里核物理与物质结构中心）；Sezione di Napoli, INFN（意大利核物理研究所那不勒斯分部）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ’Galileo Galilei’,Universitá degli Studi di Padova（帕多瓦大学伽利略·伽利莱物理与天文学系）；Sezione di Padova, INFN（意大利核物理研究所帕多瓦分部）
Experimental studies of nuclear collisions involving light weakly-bound nuclei show a systematic suppression of the complete fusion cross section by $\sim$30\% with respect to the expectation for tightly bound nuclei, at energies above the Coulomb barrier. Although it is widely accepted that the phenomenon is related to the weak binding of these nuclei, the origin of this suppression is not fully understood. In here, we present a novel approach that provides the complete fusion for weakly bound nuclei and relates its suppression to the competition between the different mechanisms contributing …
Self-consistent spectral framework for inclusive nonelastic breakup: The Trojan-horse method as its sub-Coulomb resonant limit
School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University（同济大学物理科学与工程学院）；Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所南方核科学理论中心）
The 12C+12C sub-barrier fusion cross section is calculated within the framework of a Time Dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) based classical model using the Feynman Path Integral Method. The modified astrophysical S*-factor is compared to direct and indirect experimental results. A good agreement with the direct data is found. In the lower energy region, where recent analyses of experimental data obtained with the Trojan Horse Method (THM) lead to contrasting results, the model predicts an S* factor half way between those results. Low energy resonances revealed in the THM data are added to the calc…
The $^{13}{\rm C}(α,n)^{16}{\rm O}$ reaction is considered to be the main neutron source responsible for the production of heavy nuclides (from ${\rm Sr}$ to ${\rm Bi}$) through slow $n$-capture nucleosynthesis ($s$-process) at low temperatures during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of low mass stars ($\lesssim 3-4\;{\rm M}_{\odot}$, or LMSs). In recent years, several direct and indirect measurements have been carried out to determine the cross section at the energies of astrophysical interest (around $190\pm40\;{\rm keV}$). However, they yield inconsistent results causing a highly unc…
