挖掘黑洞连续谱：标量头发和更高维度的可能特征
Excavating black hole continuum spectrum: Possible signatures of scalar hairs and of higher dimensions
摘要：
黑洞吸积盘的连续谱包含了大量关于黑洞周围强引力机制的信息，因此也包含了关于极端情况下引力相互作用性质的信息。由于在这样强的引力体系中，引力动力学应该从\EH动力学中修正，它的影响应该印在源自黑洞吸积的连续谱上。为了探索这些替代理论对黑洞连续谱的影响，我们讨论了三种替代引力模型，它们起源于三种不同的范式-（a）高维，（b）高曲率引力和（c）Horndeski理论。所有这些都可以在黑洞连续谱上雕刻出签名，与标准的广义相对论场景不同。有趣的是，所有这些模型都表现出具有潮汐电荷参数的黑洞解，在这些替代重力方案中，潮汐电荷参数可以变为负值，与Reissner-Nordström黑洞形成鲜明对比。利用80个PalomerGreen类星体的光学光度观测数据，说明了当潮荷参数取负值时，理论估计与观测结果之间的差异达到最小。作为一个定量的估计，这一结果，我们集中在几个误差估计，包括减少$χ^{2}$，纳什-萨克利夫效率，指数的协议等值得注意的是，所有这些都表明了一个负值的潮汐电荷参数，信号的可能性更高的维度，以及标量电荷在这些高重力制度。
英文摘要：
Continuum spectrum from black hole accretion disc holds enormous information regarding the strong gravity regime around the black hole and hence about the nature of gravitational interaction in extreme situations. Since in such strong gravity regime the dynamics of gravity should be modified from the \EH one, its effect should be imprinted on the continuum spectrum originating from the black hole accretion. To explore the effects of these alternative theories on the black hole continuum spectrum in an explicit manner, we have discussed three alternative gravitational models having their origin in three distinct paradigms --- (a) higher dimensions, (b) higher curvature gravity and (c) Horndeski theories. All of them can have signatures sculptured on the black hole continuum spectrum, distinct from the standard general relativistic scenario. Interestingly all these models exhibit black hole solutions with tidal charge parameter which in these alternative gravity scenarios can become negative, in sharp contrast with the Reissner-Nordström black hole. Using the observational data of optical luminosity for eighty Palomer Green quasars we have illustrated that the difference between the theoretical estimates and the observational results gets minimized for negative values of the tidal charge parameter. As a quantitative estimate of this result we concentrate on several error estimators, including reduced $χ^{2}$, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, index of agreement etc. Remarkably, all of them indicates a negative value of the tidal charge parameter, signaling the possibility of higher dimensions as well as scalar charge at play in those high gravity regimes.
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