热化二维光子量子气体中的一阶空间相干性测量
First-order spatial coherence measurements in a thermalized two-dimensional photonic quantum gas
摘要：
物质不同状态之间的相变可以深刻地改变物理系统中的秩序，铁磁或拓扑秩序的出现构成了重要的例子。相关性允许量化有序度并对不同阶段进行分类。在这里，我们报告的测量一阶空间相关性的谐波捕获的二维光子气体低于，在和以上的临界粒子数玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚，使用染料填充的光学微腔的发射的干涉测量。对于未凝聚气体，横向相干性在由光子的热德布罗意波长确定的长度尺度上衰减，这显示了预期的随温度的缩放。在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的开始，真正的长程序出现，我们观察到量子统计效应的热波包重叠。与平衡玻色气体理论的良好协议提示微腔光子作为有前途的候选人的临界标度和普适性的研究在光量子气体。
英文摘要：
Phase transitions between different states of matter can profoundly modify the order in physical systems, with the emergence of ferromagnetic or topological order constituting important examples. Correlations allow to quantify the degree of order and classify different phases. Here we report measurements of first-order spatial correlations in a harmonically trapped two-dimensional photon gas below, at, and above the critical particle number for Bose-Einstein condensation, using interferometric measurements of the emission of a dye-filled optical microcavity. For the uncondensed gas, the transverse coherence decays on a length scale determined by the thermal de Broglie wavelength of the photons, which shows the expected scaling with temperature. At the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation true long-range order emerges, and we observe quantum statistical effects as the thermal wave packets overlap. The excellent agreement with equilibrium Bose gas theory prompts microcavity photons as promising candidates for studies of critical scaling and universality in optical quantum gases.
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