探索家庭联系的力量
Exploration of the strength of family links
摘要：
自19世纪后期路易-阿道夫·贝蒂永（Louis-Adolphe Bertillon）的研究以来，人们已经知道婚姻状况和子女数量显着影响死亡率和自杀率。1898年，埃米尔·涂尔干（Emile Durkheim）推测社会孤立（尤其是家庭层面）与自杀之间存在联系。然而，由于死亡证明提供的统计数据有限，进一步的进展长期受到阻碍。最近，本作者表明，人口普查记录中的残疾数据可以作为死亡率数据的可靠替代品。这为调查家庭关系开辟了一条新的途径，因为人口普查信息远远超出了死亡证明上报告的有限数据。研究表明，成年人的残疾率随着家庭联系的增加而降低。更确切地说，父母因子女的存在而残疾的减少表明，父母与子女之间的联系在子女出生后的第一年最为紧密，然后随着子女年龄的增长而逐渐减弱。还可以看出，夫妻之间的联系在年龄相同时最强，而在年龄差距增大时则逐渐减弱。
英文摘要：
Ever since the studies of Louis-Adolphe Bertillon in the late 19th century it has been known that marital status and number of children markedly affect death and suicide rates. This led in 1898 Emile Durkheim to conjecture a connection between social isolation (especially at family level) and suicide. However, further progress was long hampered by the limited statistical data available from death certificates. Recently, it was shown by the present authors that disability data from census records can be used as a reliable substitute for mortality data. This opens a new route to investigations of family ties because census information goes much beyond the limited data reported on death certificates. It is shown that the disability rate of adults decreases when they have more family links. More precisely, the reduction of the parents' disability brought about by the presence of a child reveals that the strength of ties between parents and child is highest in the first year after birth and then weakens steadily as the child ages. It will also be seen that the strength of the bond between husband and wife is highest when they are of same age and decreases fairly steadily when the age gap increases.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
