基于多通道FPGA的MVT高精度时间（20 ps~ RMS）和电荷测量系统
Multichannel FPGA based MVT system for high precision time (20~ps~RMS) and charge measurement
摘要：
本文提出了一种基于FPGA的$M$多电压$T$阈值（MVT）系统，它允许在电压和时间域对快速信号（$1-2$ ns上升沿和下降沿）进行采样。利用一种简单的方法，可以实现$20$ ps RMS的时间测量精度，并重建信号的电荷，与实际值的偏差小于10 $\%$。利用FPGA芯片的差分输入作为比较器，并在FPGA内部实现TDC，使我们能够实现一个紧凑的多通道系统，其特点是低功耗和低生产成本。本文介绍了由192路TDC板和四个夹层卡组成的系统的实现和功能。该板已被用来验证一个新开发的飞行时间正电子发射断层扫描系统的基础上塑料散热器。$σ$（TOF）$\approx 68$ ps的实现的全系统时间分辨率相对于当前TOF-PET系统好两倍。
英文摘要：
In this article it is presented an FPGA based $M$ulti-$V$oltage $T$hreshold (MVT) system which allows of sampling fast signals ($1-2$ ns rising and falling edge) in both voltage and time domain. It is possible to achieve a precision of time measurement of $20$ ps RMS and reconstruct charge of signals, using a simple approach, with deviation from real value smaller than 10$\%$. Utilization of the differential inputs of an FPGA chip as comparators together with an implementation of a TDC inside an FPGA allowed us to achieve a compact multi-channel system characterized by low power consumption and low production costs. This paper describes realization and functioning of the system comprising 192-channel TDC board and a four mezzanine cards which split incoming signals and discriminate them. The boards have been used to validate a newly developed Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography system based on plastic scintillators. The achieved full system time resolution of $σ$(TOF) $\approx 68$ ps is by factor of two better with respect to the current TOF-PET systems.
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