Cosmic Ray组成异常：基于质荷比的解释
Anomalies in Cosmic Ray Composition: Explanation Based on Mass to Charge Ratio
摘要：
银河系宇宙射线（CR）的高精度光谱分析揭示了我们对如何从超新星环境中提取不同的CR元素以在其冲击中进一步加速的理解不足。比较不同质荷比粒子的加速谱是研究粒子注入扩散激波加速（DSA）物理过程的有力工具。最近AMS-02对He/ $p$、C/ $p$和O/ $p$刚性谱相似性的证明为注入是一个质荷依赖过程提供了新的证据。我们进行了混合模拟的碰撞冲击和分析的联合注入$p$和他$^{2+}$与上游波，他们产生。通过暗示，我们的结果同样适用于C和O完全电离的离子，因为它们具有相似的质荷比。通过卷积的$p$和He，从模拟中获得的随时间变化的注入率，随着SNR的有效寿命的冲击强度下降，我们生成的集成SNR频谱$p$和He。这些光谱与AMS-02和Pamela数据以及早期的理论预测一致。因此，我们对元素异常的解释是无碰撞冲击机制所固有的，不需要额外的假设，例如来自几个不同SNR的贡献，它们的不均匀环境或来自颗粒的加速度。
英文摘要：
High precision spectrometry of galactic cosmic rays (CR) has revealed the lack of our understanding of how different CR elements are extracted from the supernova environments to be further accelerated in their shocks. Comparing the spectra of accelerated particles with different mass to charge ratios is a powerful tool for studying the physics of particle injection into the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). Recent AMS-02 demonstration of the similarity of He/$p$, C/$p$, and O/$p$ rigidity spectra has provided new evidence that injection is a mass-to-charge dependent process. We performed hybrid simulations of collisionless shocks and analyzed a joint injection of $p$ and He$^{2+}$ in conjunction with upstream waves they generate. By implication, our results equally apply to C and O fully ionized ions, since they have similar mass to charge ratios. By convolving the time-dependent injection rates of $p$ and He, obtained from the simulations, with a decreasing shock strength over the active life of SNRs, we generate the integrated SNR spectra for $p$ and He. These spectra are consistent with the AMS-02 and Pamela data and earlier theoretical predictions. Our interpretation of the elemental anomaly is therefore intrinsic to collisionless shock mechanisms and does not require additional assumptions, such as the contributions from several different SNRs, their inhomogeneous environments or acceleration from grains.
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