蜱虫幼虫不同取食方式对疏螺旋体传播影响的模型研究
Modeling the effects of variable feeding patterns of larval ticks on the transmission of Borrelia lusitaniae and Borrelia afzelii
摘要：
属于广义伯氏疏螺旋体（Sl）组的螺旋体引起莱姆疏螺旋体病（LB），这是欧洲最常见的媒介传播的人畜共患病。B. burgdorferisS1在自然界中以涉及篦麻硬蜱、蜱和几种脊椎动物宿主的复杂循环维持。研究了B. BurgdorferisSL由于动物对不同基因种的螺旋体的不同能力而复杂化，所述不同基因种的螺旋体反过来在它们引起疾病的能力方面不同。在这项研究中，建立了一组差分方程，简化了载体与其宿主之间的复杂相互作用（有能力而不是疏螺旋体），以深入了解B. lusitaniae（由蜥蜴传播给易感蜱）和B. afzelii（由野生啮齿动物传播），在意大利托斯卡纳的一个研究区域观察到。研究结果，在现场观察的协议，强调存在一个阈值的比例幼虫喂养啮齿动物低于该持久性的B。Afzelii不可能。此外，阈值的变化作为非线性函数的预期数量的若虫叮咬小鼠，和传输和恢复的概率。总之，我们的模型提供了一个深入了解机制的相对频率不同的疏螺旋体基因种，在现场研究中观察到的。
英文摘要：
Spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdoferi sensu lato (sl) group cause Lyme Borreliosis (LB), which is the most commonly reported vector-borne zoonosis in Europe. B. burgdorferi sl is maintained in nature in a complex cycle involving Ixodes ricinus ticks and several species of vertebrate hosts. The transmission dynamics of B. burgdorferi sl is complicated by the varying competence of animals for different genospecies of spirochetes that, in turn, vary in their capability of causing disease. In this study, a set of difference equations simplifying the complex interaction between vectors and their hosts (competent and not for Borrelia) is built to gain insights into conditions underlying the dominance of B. lusitaniae (transmitted by lizards to susceptible ticks) and the maintenance of B. afzelii (transmitted by wild rodents) observed in a study area in Tuscany, Italy. Findings, in agreement with field observations, highlight the existence of a threshold for the fraction of larvae feeding on rodents below which the persistence of B. afzelii is not possible. Furthermore, thresholds change as nonlinear functions of the expected number of nymph bites on mice, and the transmission and recovery probabilities. In conclusion, our model provided an insight into mechanisms underlying the relative frequency of different Borrelia genospecies, as observed in field studies.
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