用球形Jeans方程量化平衡态的几何结构
Quantifying Departures from Equilibrium with the Spherical Jeans Equation
摘要：
球对称系统中无碰撞的点状物体的自行，例如星系中的恒星，可以用来测试该系统是否处于平衡状态，而不需要关于各向同性的假设。特别是，四阶球面Jeans方程产生两个可观察的量的表达式，表征偏离平衡，这两个都可以表示在时间导数的第一和第三时刻的速度。作为例证，我们计算这些数量的示踪剂分布绘制从一个精确的平衡配置，也从近平衡配置使用N-体代码GALIC。
英文摘要：
Proper motions of collisionless pointlike objects in a spherically symmetric system, for example stars in a galaxy, can be used to test whether that system is in equilibrium, with no assumptions regarding isotropy. In particular, the fourth order spherical Jeans equation yields expressions for two observable quantities characterizing the departure from equilibrium, both of which can be expressed in terms of time derivatives of first and third moments of the velocities. As illustrations, we compute these quantities for tracer distributions drawn from an exact equilibrium configuration and also from near equilibrium configurations generated using the N-body code GALIC.
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