基于同步电机匹配的功率变换器并网控制
Grid-forming Control for Power Converters based on Matching of Synchronous Machines
摘要：
本文研究了低惯性电力系统中功率变换器的并网控制问题。从平均开关三相逆变器模型开始，我们画平行的同步机（SM）模型，并提出了一种新的电网形成转换器的控制策略，该控制策略的主要特点是SM：存在的内部旋转磁场。特别是，我们增加了一个虚拟振荡器的频率是由直流侧电压测量驱动的转换器系统，并设置转换器的脉宽调制信号，从而实现闭环转换器和SM动态之间的精确匹配。然后，我们提供了一个充分条件，确保存在性，唯一性和全局渐近稳定性的平衡点在一个坐标系附加到虚拟的振荡器的角度。通过激励转换器的直流侧输入，我们能够强制执行该充分条件。在相同的设置中，我们强调严格的增量无源性，下垂，和功率共享特性的建议框架，这是与传统的要求电力系统运行兼容。随后，我们采用干扰解耦技术设计额外的控制回路，调节直流侧电压，以及交流侧的频率和幅度，而在最后验证它们与数值实验。
英文摘要：
We consider the problem of grid-forming control of power converters in low-inertia power systems. Starting from an average-switch three-phase inverter model, we draw parallels to a synchronous machine (SM) model and propose a novel grid-forming converter control strategy which dwells upon the main characteristic of a SM: the presence of an internal rotating magnetic field. In particular, we augment the converter system with a virtual oscillator whose frequency is driven by the DC-side voltage measurement and which sets the converter pulse-width-modulation signal, thereby achieving exact matching between the converter in closed-loop and the SM dynamics. We then provide a sufficient condition assuring existence, uniqueness, and global asymptotic stability of equilibria in a coordinate frame attached to the virtual oscillator angle. By actuating the DC-side input of the converter we are able to enforce this sufficient condition. In the same setting, we highlight strict incremental passivity, droop, and power-sharing properties of the proposed framework, which are compatible with conventional requirements of power system operation. We subsequently adopt disturbance decoupling techniques to design additional control loops that regulate the DC-side voltage, as well as AC-side frequency and amplitude, while in the end validating them with numerical experiments.
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