钥匙圈模型：可操纵性的一种方法
Keyring models: an approach to steerability
摘要：
如果对二分系统的一半进行测量，那么，以结果为条件，另一半具有新的约化状态。如果这些约化态违背经典的解释--也就是说，如果共享随机性不能为所有可能的测量产生这些约化态--那么就说二分态是可操纵的。确定哪些状态是可控的是一个具有挑战性的问题，即使是低维。在双量子比特系统的情况下，在投影测量下，T态（即具有最大混合边缘的T态）的标准是已知的。在目前的工作中，我们介绍了keyring模型的概念-一类特殊的本地隐藏状态模型。当测量对应于真实的投影仪时，这些使我们能够研究T状态之外的可操纵性。使用keyring模型，我们完全解决了实投影测量时的转向问题的状态从混合一个纯粹的两个量子比特状态均匀的噪音。在用独立的去极化信道代替均匀噪声的情况下，我们也给出了部分解。
英文摘要：
If a measurement is made on one half of a bipartite system, then, conditioned on the outcome, the other half has a new reduced state. If these reduced states defy classical explanation -- that is, if shared randomness cannot produce these reduced states for all possible measurements -- the bipartite state is said to be steerable. Determining which states are steerable is a challenging problem even for low dimensions. In the case of two-qubit systems a criterion is known for T-states (that is, those with maximally mixed marginals) under projective measurements. In the current work we introduce the concept of keyring models -- a special class of local hidden state models. When the measurements made correspond to real projectors, these allow us to study steerability beyond T-states. Using keyring models, we completely solve the steering problem for real projective measurements when the state arises from mixing a pure two-qubit state with uniform noise. We also give a partial solution in the case when the uniform noise is replaced by independent depolarizing channels.
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