满射同态与紧的计数复杂性
The Complexity of Counting Surjective Homomorphisms and Compactions
摘要：
从图G到图H的同态是从G的顶点到H的顶点的保持边的函数。一个同态是满射的，如果它使用H的所有顶点，它是一个压缩的，如果它使用H的所有顶点和H的所有非循环边。Hell和Nesetril给出了判定从输入图G到固定图H是否存在同态的复杂性的完整刻画。一个完整的特征是不知道满同态或紧，虽然有许多有趣的结果。Dyer和Greenhill给出了从输入图G到固定图H的同态计数复杂性的完整刻画。本文给出了从一个输入图G到一个固定图H的满射同态的计数复杂性的一个完整的刻画，同时也给出了从一个输入图G到一个固定图H的紧致的计数复杂性的一个完整的刻画.在附录中，我们使用我们的特征指出一个二分法的各自的近似计数问题的复杂性（在连接的情况下）。
英文摘要：
A homomorphism from a graph G to a graph H is a function from the vertices of G to the vertices of H that preserves edges. A homomorphism is surjective if it uses all of the vertices of H and it is a compaction if it uses all of the vertices of H and all of the non-loop edges of H. Hell and Nesetril gave a complete characterisation of the complexity of deciding whether there is a homomorphism from an input graph G to a fixed graph H. A complete characterisation is not known for surjective homomorphisms or for compactions, though there are many interesting results. Dyer and Greenhill gave a complete characterisation of the complexity of counting homomorphisms from an input graph G to a fixed graph H. In this paper, we give a complete characterisation of the complexity of counting surjective homomorphisms from an input graph G to a fixed graph H and we also give a complete characterisation of the complexity of counting compactions from an input graph G to a fixed graph H. In an addendum we use our characterisations to point out a dichotomy for the complexity of the respective approximate counting problems (in the connected case).
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