使用列表模式模拟数据的功能性人体RPC-PET成像系统的快速全身重建及其对放射肿瘤学和放射学的适用性
Fast full-body reconstruction for a functional human RPC-PET imaging system using list-mode simulated data and its applicability to radiation oncology and radiology
摘要：
基于电阻板室探测器（RPC-PET）的单床全身正电子发射断层成像已被提议用于人体研究，作为基于闪烁器的PET扫描仪的补充资源。本工作的目的主要是提供一个重建的解决方案，这样的全身单床数据收集的逐事件的基础上。我们展示了一个完全三维的飞行时间（TOF）为基础的重建算法，能够处理从一个系统获得的高度倾斜的响应线具有非常大的轴向视野，如在RPC-PET中使用的。这种算法必须足够快，不会影响RPC-PET系统的临床工作流程。我们提出了模拟结果从体素化版本的拟人NCAT体模，肿瘤病变引入到人体内的关键区域。列表模式的数据重建与TOF加权最大似然期望最大化（MLEM）。为了加快算法的重建时间，开发了一种由图形处理单元（GPU）支持的多线程方法。此外，TOF辅助数据划分方法的建议，允许从九个身体区域的数据被独立地重建，更迅速。基于TOF的散射抑制方法的应用将总体散射从57.1%降低到32.9%。结果还表明，300 ps FWHM RPC-PET扫描仪允许在注射2 mCi放射性（146 M符合事件）后7分钟采集后在3.5分钟内产生重建图像。我们首次提出了一个完整的现实重建的全身，长轴向覆盖，RPC-PET扫描仪。我们证明了临床相关的重建时间可比（或更低）的患者采集时间上的多线程CPU和GPU。
英文摘要：
Single-bed whole-body positron emission tomography based on resistive plate chamber detectors (RPC-PET) has been proposed for human studies, as a complementary resource to scintillator-based PET scanners. The purpose of this work is mainly about providing a reconstruction solution to such whole-body single-bed data collection on an event-by-event basis. We demonstrate a fully three-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF)-based reconstruction algorithm that is capable of processing the highly inclined lines of response acquired from a system with a very large axial field of view, such as those used in RPC-PET. Such algorithm must be sufficiently fast that it will not compromise the clinical workflow of an RPC-PET system. We present simulation results from a voxelized version of the anthropomorphic NCAT phantom, with oncological lesions introduced into critical regions within the human body. The list-mode data was reconstructed with a TOF-weighted maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM). To accelerate the reconstruction time of the algorithm, a multi-threaded approach supported by graphical processing units (GPUs) was developed. Additionally, a TOF-assisted data division method is suggested that allows the data from nine body regions to be reconstructed independently and much more rapidly. The application of a TOF-based scatter rejection method reduces the overall body scatter from 57.1% to 32.9%. The results also show that a 300-ps FWHM RPC-PET scanner allows for the production of a reconstructed image in 3.5 minutes following a 7-minute acquisition upon the injection of 2 mCi of activity (146 M coincidence events). We present for the first time a full realistic reconstruction of a whole body, long axial coverage, RPC-PET scanner. We demonstrate clinically relevant reconstruction times comparable (or lower) to the patient acquisition times on both multi-threaded CPU and GPU.
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