功能化吸附剂静电再生去除水中硝酸盐
Nitrate removal from water using electrostatic regeneration of functionalized adsorbent
摘要：
硝酸盐是世界范围内饮用水中的重要污染物，并且存在许多用于从水中去除硝酸盐的方法，包括离子交换和反渗透。然而，这些方法存在各种缺点，包括需要供应和处理用于离子交换再生的盐水，以及反渗透的水回收率低。在这里，我们证明了使用高表面积活性炭电极功能化的部分具有高亲和力的硝酸盐从水溶液中的吸附，如那些用于离子交换。具有季胺离子基团的表面活性剂分子吸附到活性炭表面上提供了表面的官能化，而没有复杂的化学反应。功能化电极具有每克活性炭材料约80 mg NaNO $_3$的吸附容量。与传统的离子交换剂不同，官能化表面可以通过施加静电势重复再生，该静电势置换结合的NO $_3^-$，同时在电极上留下过量的电子电荷。该电池由惰性反电极完成，其中法拉第反应在再生期间发生。在电再生之后，可获得高达约40%的电极初始容量。
英文摘要：
Nitrate is an important pollutant in drinking water worldwide, and a number of methods exist for the removal of nitrate from water including ion exchange and reverse osmosis. However, these approaches suffer from a variety of disadvantages including requirements for supply and disposal of brine used for regeneration in ion exchange and low water recovery ratio for reverse osmosis. Here, we demonstrate the use of high surface area activated carbon electrodes functionalized with moieties having high affinity for adsorption of nitrate from aqueous solution, such as those used in ion exchange. Adsorption of surfactant molecules having a quaternary amine ionic group to the activated carbon surfaces provides functionalization of the surfaces without complex chemistries. The functionalized electrodes have adsorption capacities of about 80 mg NaNO$_3$ per gram of activated carbon material. Unlike a traditional ion exchanger, the functionalized surfaces can be repeatedly regenerated by the application of an electrostatic potential which displaces the bound NO$_3^-$ while leaving an excess of electronic charge on the electrode. The cell is completed by an inert counter electrode where Faradaic reactions occur during regeneration. Up to approximately 40% of the initial capacity of the electrode is accessible following electrical regeneration.
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