arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1706.04889cs.DScs.LO
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改进的基于集合的奇偶博弈符号算法

Improved Set-based Symbolic Algorithms for Parity Games

Krishnendu Chatterjee, Wolfgang Dvořák, Monika Henzinger, Veronika Loitzenbauer

摘要:

具有ω-正则获胜条件的图博弈提供了一个数学框架来分析反应系统和程序分析中的广泛问题(如反应系统的综合、程序修复和分支时间性质的验证)。奇偶条件是指定ω-正则获胜条件的标准形式。具有奇偶条件的图对策等价于μ演算模型检验,是一个非常重要的算法问题。符号算法具有重要的意义,因为它们为分析大型有限状态系统提供了可扩展的算法,也为分析具有有限商的无限状态系统提供了算法。基于集合的符号算法使用基本集合运算和单步前导运算符。我们考虑具有$n$顶点和具有$c$优先级的奇偶条件的图博弈。虽然有许多显式算法用于具有奇偶条件的图游戏,但对于基于集合的符号算法,只有两种算法(注意,我们使用空间来指代符号算法存储的集合的数量):(a)需要$O(n^c)$符号运算和线性空间的基本算法;以及(b)需要$O(n^{c/2+1})$符号运算但也需要$O(n^{c/2+1})$空间的改进算法(即,指数空间)。在这项工作中,我们提出了两个基于集合的符号算法的奇偶性游戏:(a)我们的第一个算法需要$O(n^{c/2+1})$符号运算,只需要线性空间;和(b)发展我们的第一个算法,我们提出了一个算法,需要$O(n^{c/3+1})$符号运算和线性空间。我们还提出了第一个线性空间集为基础的符号算法的奇偶游戏,最多需要一个次指数的符号操作。

英文摘要:

Graph games with ω-regular winning conditions provide a mathematical framework to analyze a wide range of problems in the analysis of reactive systems and programs (such as the synthesis of reactive systems, program repair, and the verification of branching time properties). Parity conditions are canonical forms to specify ω-regular winning conditions. Graph games with parity conditions are equivalent to μ-calculus model checking, and thus a very important algorithmic problem. Symbolic algorithms are of great significance because they provide scalable algorithms for the analysis of large finite-state systems, as well as algorithms for the analysis of infinite-state systems with finite quotient. A set-based symbolic algorithm uses the basic set operations and the one-step predecessor operators. We consider graph games with $n$ vertices and parity conditions with $c$ priorities. While many explicit algorithms exist for graph games with parity conditions, for set-based symbolic algorithms there are only two algorithms (notice that we use space to refer to the number of sets stored by a symbolic algorithm): (a) the basic algorithm that requires $O(n^c)$ symbolic operations and linear space; and (b) an improved algorithm that requires $O(n^{c/2+1})$ symbolic operations but also $O(n^{c/2+1})$ space (i.e., exponential space). In this work we present two set-based symbolic algorithms for parity games: (a) our first algorithm requires $O(n^{c/2+1})$ symbolic operations and only requires linear space; and (b) developing on our first algorithm, we present an algorithm that requires $O(n^{c/3+1})$ symbolic operations and only linear space. We also present the first linear space set-based symbolic algorithm for parity games that requires at most a sub-exponential number of symbolic operations.

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