从考虑电子质量的作用中获得的中微子退耦的见解
Insights into neutrino decoupling gleaned from considerations of the role of electron mass
摘要：
我们目前的计算显示电子静止质量如何影响熵流，中微子去耦，大爆炸核合成（BBN）在早期宇宙。为了阐明这一物理，特别是BBN和相关时期的电子质量的敏感性，我们认为一个参数空间的静止质量值大于和小于公认的真空值。电磁平衡，加上早期宇宙的高熵，保证了大量的电子-正电子对存在，并在远低于真空电子静止质量的温度下控制电离电子的数量。电子-正电子和中微子之间的散射在很大程度上控制着熵从等离子体流向中微子海。此外，电子-正电子对靶的数密度对介质中的有效电子质量具有指数敏感性。这种熵流影响的定相的标度因子和温度，带电电流弱相互作用确定的中子质子比，和残余中微子能谱的光谱扭曲。我们的计算表明，这个时代的物理学的敏感性，三个独立的影响：有限的电子质量，有限温度量子电动力学（QED）的影响等离子体状态方程，和玻尔兹曼中微子能量输运。中微子与等离子体成分的能量比例在宇宙微波背景（CMB）的观测量中得到体现，即重子密度和辐射能量密度，以及原始氦和氘的丰度。我们的结果证明了如何处理介质中的电子质量（即，QED效应）可能会转化为从未来高精度CMB数据中提取中微子和超越标准模型物理极限的不确定性的重要来源。
英文摘要：
We present calculations showing how electron rest mass influences entropy flow, neutrino decoupling, and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the early universe. To elucidate this physics and especially the sensitivity of BBN and related epochs to electron mass, we consider a parameter space of rest mass values larger and smaller than the accepted vacuum value. Electromagnetic equilibrium, coupled with the high entropy of the early universe, guarantees that significant numbers of electron-positron pairs are present, and dominate over the number of ionization electrons to temperatures much lower than the vacuum electron rest mass. Scattering between the electrons-positrons and the neutrinos largely controls the flow of entropy from the plasma into the neutrino seas. Moreover, the number density of electron-positron-pair targets can be exponentially sensitive to the effective in-medium electron mass. This entropy flow influences the phasing of scale factor and temperature, the charged current weak-interaction-determined neutron-to-proton ratio, and the spectral distortions in the relic neutrino energy spectra. Our calculations show the sensitivity of the physics of this epoch to three separate effects: finite electron mass, finite-temperature quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects on the plasma equation of state, and Boltzmann neutrino energy transport. The ratio of neutrino to plasma component energy scales manifests in Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observables, namely the baryon density and the radiation energy density, along with the primordial helium and deuterium abundances. Our results demonstrate how the treatment of in-medium electron mass (i.e., QED effects) could translate into an important source of uncertainty in extracting neutrino and beyond-standard-model physics limits from future high-precision CMB data.
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